Dave Mathews Band Essays - David Mathews, Schuyler Family

Dave Mathews Band According to the American Heritage Dictionary a poet is someone who writes poems. If I were to give my own definition of a poet it would say a poet is someone who can take a group of words and put a hundred different emotions and meanings into them. This is what Dave Mathews does with his lyrics; he takes his emotions and puts them into words. This is what makes him a poet and a master of words. From the debut of his first album Remember Two Things, Mathews has instructed the listener to do everything from love to relax and enjoy the day. He does this through his lyrics, taking his experiences and emotions putting them to words and passing his knowledge to us. It is very rare to find someone in today's music industry that can inspire in this way. Money and MTV have taken away what music is supposed to do, create emotions. A very sad and obvious example is the current charts topper The Back Street Boys. What is the world coming to when a group of kids are making millions because a bunch of 12-year-old girls have crushes? This is the cue for the prophet Mathews, he takes his talents and does something that people can relate too. He inspires and pushes the limits of the imagination. To give the reader a taste if what Dave Mathews' poetry is like I'm going to give some examples over the next paragraph. The examples that precede derive from several of his albums so as to give the full spectrum of his talents. The first exert is Proudest Monkey from the album Crash, it is a song about a person who lived a very simple life but decides to make a change: ?Swing in this tree Oh I am bounce around so well Branch to branch, limb to limb you see All in a day's dream I'm stuck Like the other monkeys here I am a humble monkey Sitting up in here again But then came the day I climbed out of these safe limbs Ventured away Walking tall, head high up and singing I went to the city Car horns, corners and the gritty Now I am the proudest monkey you've ever seen? This shows that though these are lyrics from a song, if read without music to accompany them the words have a power all their own much like a poem. The next example is from the album Before these Crowded Streets, the tract is Pig. This song tells the listener that we live in a world that is full of beauty and magic and that we should stop and smell the roses: ?Oh, isn't it strange How we move our lives for another day? Like skipping a beat What if a great wave should wash us all away? Just thinking out loud Don't mean to dwell on this dying thing But look at my blood It's alive right now, And deep and sweet within Pouring through our veins Intoxicate moving wine to tears And drinking it deep Then an evening spent dancing It's you and me... This love will open our world From the dark side we can see a glow of something bright Oh, there's much more than we see here Don't burn the day away Is this not enough? This blessed sip of life, Is it not enough? Staring down at the ground Oh, then complain and pray for more from above, You greedy little pig Stop, just watch your world trickle away Oh, it's your problem now It'll all be dead and gone in a few short years? Again Mathews uses the power of words to send a message to the masses. In today's world of money and power people tend to lose sight of the things that are important. People forget that there are more important things in life than a big bank account and a new car. Through his lyrics Mathews shows us things that are obvious to the human spirit but are often times forgotten. It takes a true poet to make us open our eyes and see what is all around us; these are the things that make David Mathews a true artist.

Equality for All

Equality for All Free Online Research Papers The United States of America was founded on the principle that all of her citizens would have equality under the law. Thomas Jefferson affirmed that principle when he drafted these words for the Declaration of Independence, â€Å"we hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal.† Those powerful words set the groundwork for the foundation that would define what it means to be an American. As an American citizen, a person should be viewed as an equal under the law. Equality means that there should be no superior or inferior treatment given to any specific citizen or group. Being a member of a minority or majority group should not have an impact on what rights are afforded to one person verses another; all should have the same opportunity and protection under the law. When Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence, he was ahead of his own time. Even though he was a slave owner, he pictured a country that would be tolerant of those that are different from the majority. Others also saw his vision and could foresee the problems that our country would face when it came to the rights of minorities. One such person was James Madison. After the U.S. Constitution was drafted, Madison wrote many essays for publication in New York community newspapers to raise support in ratifying the Constitution. In one of those essays, The Federalist, No. 51, Madison argues that, â€Å"it is of great importance in a republic not only to guard society against the oppression of its rulers, but to guard one part of society against the injustice of the other part. Different interests necessarily exist in different classes of citizen. If a majority be united by a common interest, the rights of minority will be insecure.† At the time, Madison may not have meant those words for different ethnic races or sexual preferences in society, but they could not ring more true today in the complicated society we now live in. Madison also stated that if a majority oppresses the weaker members of society, then our system of liberty would collapse. Madison clearly saw a need for laws to protect minorities, so they could have the same rights as the majority; without certain laws for protection, America would fail. America is presently in an unstable world. This instability caused a panic that needed to be comforted by action. In 2002, in response to the 911 attacks, Congress and President Bush put into law the Patriot Act. The Patriot Act is a law that is supposed to protect all Americans, but in reality it may just do the opposite for American minorities. The Patriot Act gave law enforcement officials the ability to profile people for the sake of national security. The law also gave law enforcement officials the ability to violate Americans’ civil liberties through illegal wiretaps. It is clear that the only people that will be targeted as suspects are Muslim Americans and anyone who is thought to be associated with terrorist groups. There is a very slim chance that any of these suspects would be classified as a part of an American majority group. The Patriot Act is a law that was passed with good intention, but it is, in fact, doing what Madison had feared the most. Throughout American history, the U.S. government has added amendments to the Constitution and passed laws with the intent to protect the rights of both majority and minority citizens. There have been laws passed to give equality to women, ethnic groups, homosexuals, and special interest groups. Laws like the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 have brought our country a long way. However, laws such as the Patriot Act set our country back. The point of the great American experiment is to progress through history by improving the quality of human life for all. The intent of the 911 hijackers was to cripple our system of freedom. In response, the government passed the Patriot Act to strengthen America, but all it did was make us weaker. In a sense, the hijackers have succeeded. Research Papers on Equality for All19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraQuebec and CanadaThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeCapital PunishmentPETSTEL analysis of IndiaComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoHip-Hop is ArtWhere Wild and West Meet

Provide an example for five of the ten Price Sensitivity Effects Essay

Provide an example for five of the ten Price Sensitivity Effects - Essay Example Expenditure effect causes consumers to choose alternative options because of high price that might be unaffordable. For example, car brands like Mercedes Benz or BMW offer a prestigious image and quality, but are highly priced. Consumers that are unwilling to spend majority of their income on products like these tend to choose alternative options that provide similar luxury and feel. In such case, price becomes the ultimate deciding factor. Products with unique value tend to accompany price-quality effect. In such cases, price becomes the deciding factor for value creation of the product. This also creates a psychological effect on the consumers through value attained over time. For example, if fast-food brand like McDonald’s alters or raises its product price, consumers would still continue to opt for its products for their quality. This factor refers to the availability of external financial help to buy a specific product that otherwise would seem highly expensive for the consumer. For example, purchasing a house would require huge amount of money. If the consumer is able to procure loan for the purchase, then the price will be less significant as the deciding factor in the purchase. Inventory effect occurs when sellers anticipate price rise. This allows the sellers to hold the stock till price rise and sell the same at increased price, which will in turn give higher profits. This situation is more often seen in retail markets for pharmaceuticals, petroleum products, groceries etc. When the wholesalers anticipate price rise due to market fluctuation, they tend to buy huge amounts of product stock in advance and hold it as inventory. After price rise, they sell the products at increased prices to consumers, thereby making more profits than

The Cold War Era Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Cold War Era - Essay Example The telegram was based on the need to help introduce capitalism in USSR economies with a view that it would aid in addressing democracy and end the employment of socialism devices that serve interests of reactionary capital, despite conflicts-filled capitalistic economies which generate wars; intra-capitalistic between capitalists and wars of intervention by capitalists against socialists. The idea was to reduce the strength and influence of USSR and the socialist friends, introduction of revolutionary upheavals within capitalistic societies and enhance democratic progressivism to bear pressure on capitalistic societies but in line with soviet interests (Roberts pp.2-17). The justification was that majority of the citizens in the socialist economies did not enjoy fruits of their labor, the need to revolutionize urbanization and industrialization, the need to unify capitalistic economies with socialists for a peaceful coexistence and find equilibrium of Marxism in separation of both i nternal and international powers. The significance of this telegram can be traced on the importance of destabilizing the major political western powers who at some point were considered dangerous by their military prowess, the need to advance democracy and rule of law, to financially empower citizens in the socialist economies and promote international harmony between societies. As a witness of history, many questions arise on the implementation of the international policy as stated in the telegram; whether communism as illustrated in the telegram constituted the highlighted atrocities and whether the policies could apply to all other socialist economies apart from USSR considering the weak financial backing (Schumpeter, 9). The second document is a telegram from Walter Bedell Smith, Ambassador to the Soviet Union, to George Marshall, the secretary of state, named â€Å"Top Secret† that sought to notify the realization of United States’ economic plans in the Soviet Uni on as dangerous and that the Soviet government was not to pursue aggressive aims in their foreign policy, but would desire to rehabilitate and reconstruct its own internal economy. It stressed out on the Soviet trade agreements with England, Belgium, Switzerland and Scandinavian countries with which they were willing to incorporate the United States but agitated by the United States’ aggressive economic policies and the erroneous picture by the United States’ press and public officials. The major argument and justification was that dynamism of democratic forces ought to have been more vigilant, alert and aggressive to protect liberty and the fact that it was impossible for American government or citizens to believe that coup d’etat in Czechoslovakia could have been achieved without direct support of Soviet Union (Smith, pp.71-79). The major questions on this document is whether the foreign policy of the United States at the time can be measured with todayâ€℠¢s more so on the need to stabilize economic conditions and aspire for political development (McCann, 6) in the United States? The third document was from Charles Murphy to the secretary of state, Lloyd Bell, dated July 31, 1951 which stressed out the observations of the then American-soviet relations in a bid to achieve peaceful relations between the two economies; more so guided by the fact that Soviet Union was the guiding center of the communist world in relation to the United States’

Powerful Poetry Essay Example for Free

Powerful Poetry Essay â€Å"Shall I compare thee to a summers day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate. † This line is from sonnet 18 and it is one of the best known of William Shakespeare’s 154 sonnets. William Shakespeare is the man who created beautiful poetry and he influenced people to create their own. In today’s modern day society, whether it’s widely read or not, poetry has the ability to be considerably moving and to truly touch people. Poetry is relevant and interesting in today’s society because it expresses a great array and depth of people’s feelings, it makes the reader connect with the poem, and it has a unique value. Also poetry is second-hand in music because in most hip-hop songs the words rhyme and create a rhyming couplet. Pursuing this further, poetry is a very powerful thing and it should be included in today’s up-to-date society. Unquestionably, all poems express feelings and emotions that the writer has dealt with throughout their life. Poetry expresses emotion in a form that delights the reader in one field and a feeling of sorrow in another. No other type of writing has the power or capability to arouse that much emotion other than poetry. Every living creature has feelings, but everything has its own way to express it. One way humans express their deepest feelings is through using their language to write and compose poetry. Reading poetry can help see through the eyes of the writer and see what they are experiencing. â€Å"This power rises from within, like the color of a flower which fades and changes as it is developed† (Shelley). This quote says that people have the ability to express themselves and that is very important in life. Poetry can make it easier to step into the shoes of someone else and learn about their personality. Without poetry, people would not be able to express their feelings and emotions and show people their real personality. Also poetry can help people by using it to release tension or stress that they need to get rid of. After a rough day at school, reading some poetry is a good way to get rid of the tension that is caused from problems such as taking a hard test or getting a lot of homework. Poetry helps soothe the mind and gives the mind a respite. Poetry uses the five senses to create a peaceful and pristine image using just words. One example that uses the five senses is, â€Å"All overgrown with azure moss and flowers/ So sweet, the sense faints picturing them† (Shelley). This quote uses the sense of sight because the image is so beautiful that your sense of sight faints. This style of writing can be very calming and comforting when read in a quite environment. Poetry is just like a car wash for the mind and soul; it freshens the soul and gives the mind a brand new start. Without poetry, there is one less way to get rid of stress and release tension. In addition to being used as a stress reliever, poetry is used to compose music. Just as in poetry, music also shares a basic element known as rhythm. In poetry there can be many different kinds of rhythm at the same time. Individual lines include unstressed and stressed syllables which is called a meter. There is also a rhythm between lines when metric patterns are repeated. In music, cadence is the beat of the music and the beats give the music its regular pattern. Poetry and music also display emotion and expression in their amazing works of art. Rap is made up of rhyme, rhythm, alliteration and many other poetic attributes. It is the most alike to poetry, however it is still music. Music without words is poetry, but not in the general state. Without poetry there would be no music because they are very similar and one can’t live without the other. Another reason why poetry is relevant is because it is much more entertaining to read compared to reading a book. Furthermore, poems are much more interesting to read instead of reading a long, boring book. Book plots and characters can be remembered for a limited period of time but poetry is one of the only forms of literary language that can be memorized. In the world of poetry, all of the rules that are applied to writing books are ignored and a piece of art is created that is completely unique. Poetry is such a short form of writing that the reader can think about the poem for hours without having their nose buried in a book. Poetry uses three ideas that are important to the text; mindful imagery, emotions, and language. Without these three things, poems would not have descriptions that use the five senses to create an image and people would lose interest in reading it. On the other hand, some people believe that poetry is irrelevant and this is why they are wrong. Some people might say that poetry is irrelevant and it is a waste of time. They might say that poetry is irrelevant because they believe it is boring to read and there is more people writing poetry than there is appreciating it. Poetry is relevant because it is much shorter and easier to read compared to reading a book. Poetry is very exciting to read because it expresses the feelings of the writer and puts the reader in the writer’s shoes. Poetry is enjoyable to read if you can understand and comprehend what is happening in the poem. Reading poetry is a surrogate form of reading and it is read by many people. Therefore, poetry is relevant and important in today’s society and should be respected more. In short, poetry is very relevant in today’s fast-paced, technological society for many reasons. Poetry is a way to let people express their emotions and show what their personality is like. Reading poetry is a salutary method to reduce stress and can relax the brain when it is overloaded with too many problems. Also poetry is a way to create a rhythm and there would be no music without poetry. Lastly poetry is much more entertaining to read compared to reading a long, boring book. Poetry is an aberration because it is much better than the standard. If poetry was never taught again in schools we would most importantly lose a vital language from our past. Poetry is only as relevant as the message of the poem, depending on how well it has been written. Works Cited Shelley, Percy Bysshe. Ode to the West Wind. Mcdougal Littell Literature. Evanston: Mcdougal Littell, 2008. 850-52. Print. Shelley, Percy Bysshe. A Defense of Poetry. Mcdougal Littell Literature. Evanston: Mcdougal Littell, 2008. 857. Print.

Theories of planned behavior: Smoking

Theories of planned behavior: Smoking To examine if the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) predict smoking behavior, 35 data sets (N= 267,977) have been synthesized, containing 219 effect sizes between the model variables using a meta-analytic structural equation modeling approach (MASEM). Consistent with the TPBs predictions, 1) smoking behavior was related to smoking intentions (weighted mean r =.30), 2) intentions were based on attitudes (weighted mean r =.16) and subjective norms (weighted mean r =.20). Consistent with TPBs hypotheses, perceived behavioral control was related to smoking intentions (weighted mean r = -.24) and behaviors (weighted mean r =-.20) and it contribute significantly to cigarette consumption. The strength of associations, however, was influenced by studies and participants characteristics. Smoking remains the leading preventable cause of death and disease in western countries. Despite the constant reduction in smoking prevalence among adults over the last 20 years in developed countries, smoking rates have not decreased among young people, and the highest youth smoking rates can be found in Central and Eastern Europe. In an attempt to understand the psychosocial determinants of smoking initiation and maintenance, a variety of social cognitive models have been applied. One of the most influential theories predicting smoking behavior, the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) 1has been used both for conducting a wide range of empirical research on smoking behavior antecedents and for designing many theory-based intervention programs to reduce tobacco consumption. An increasing number of empirical studies have examined this model in relation to smoke and the variability of results suggests that a quantitative integration of this literature would prove valuable. Up to the present, various quantitative reviews of the TPB have been performed but centered in other behavioral outcomes, as exercise, 2 condom use 3 and others. Hence, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the success of TPB as a predictor of smoking behavior through meta-analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM), involving the techniques of synthesizing correlation matrices and fitting SEM as suggested by Viswesvaran and Ones. 4 The TPB, an extension of the Theory of Reasoned Action,5 incorporates both social influences and personal factors as predictors, specifying a limited number of psychological variables that can influence a behavior, namely 1) intention; 2) attitude; 3) subjective norm (SN); and 4) perceived behavioral control (PBC). 1 First, subjective norms are conceptualized as the pressure that people perceive from important others to execute a behavior. Second, peoples positive or negative evaluations of their performing a behavior are conceptualized as other predictor of intention (attitudes). Third, PBC represents ones evaluation about the easy or difficulty of adopting the behavior and it is assumed to reflect the obstacles that one encountered in past behavioral performances. Finally, attitudes, SN and PBC are proposed to influence behavior through their influence on intentions, which summarize persons motivation to act in a particular manner and indicate how hard the person is willing to try and how much time and effort he or she is willing to devote in order to perform a behavior. 6 The TPB has been applied through a relevant amount of primary studies and their predictive utility has been proved meta-analytically both for a wide range of behaviors 7, 6 and for specific health risky or health protective behaviors. 3, 2 These previous meta-analyses, however, have neither examined how useful the TPB is to predict smoking behavior, nor the overall structure of the model applied to tobacco consumption. Hence, some concerns remain relating to TPB and its utility to predict smoking behavior that deserves further examination through MASEM. Firstly, a weakness of the SN-intention relation has been found by previous meta-analysis 7 compared with attitude-intention and PBC-intention associations. It has been suggested that this lack of association indicates that intentions are influenced primarily by personal factors 6. In spite of, some primary studies finding strong beta values, ranging from .44 to .62, for attitude on smoking intention such as Hanson, 8 while others founded values near .18 or .19. 9, 10 At the same time, although researchers have theorized about the importance of PBC in this domain, regarding health-risky behaviors, the correlation between PBC and behavior had sometimes been disappointing. 3 One possible explanation is that PBC may not capture actual control. Other is that risky behaviors performed in social contexts may be more determined by risky-conducive circumstances than by personal factors. 11 Moreover, primary studies on smoking behavior have found contrasting results for PBC -behavior, such as r =.55 12 or r =.06. 13 Based on these discrepant findings, we proposed, as a first purpose of this review, to test the strength of relationships between TPB constructs applied to smoking behavior. Secondly, in order to clarify the influence of moderator variables and to provide further explanation for the variability on the effect sizes (ES) between primary studies, some studies and participants characteristics may be taken into account. Ajzen and Fishbein 5 argued that intention and behavior should be measured as close in time as possible to the behavior. In spite of that, primary studies on smoking behavior 14, 15 have found that beta values for intention- behavior association have been maintained during six months (à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢=.38), nine months (à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢=.35) and a year (à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢=.35). Thus, it is important to quantitatively review the moderator effect of time interval on strength of TPB constructs. It has been recognized that culture provides a social context that affects prevalence of certain behaviors. Moreover, some studies have compared results of TPB applied to smoking behavior by using diverse ethnic groups into the USA, such as Hanson, 8 while a great amount of primary studies have expanded their applicability to different cultural contexts. 16, 15, 10 These studies have revealed contradictory results, such as for Puerto-Ricans and non-Hispanic whites, SN was not found as a significant predictor of intention, 8 while it was significant for African-American teenagers, or beta values for SN-behavior ranging from à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢=.20 for UK samples 17 to à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢ =.43 for Netherlanders students. 18 Hence, because of cultural differences with respect to the SN-outcomes association, there is a need to meta-analytically examine the moderator effect of culture. Ajzen and Fishbein 5 and Ajzen 19 also recommended scale correspondence of measures for intention to properly predict behavior. However, meta-analysis on TPB applied to exercise behavior have found that only 50% of examined studies had scale correspondence, 20 and that ES was the strongest for the intention-behavior association when studies had scale correspondence. 2 Based on these previous findings, we contend that a thorough examination of moderator effect of scale correspondence on strength of smoking intention and behavior relationships is needed. Research indicates that teenage years are associated with heightened sensitivity to SN 6 and differences have been found in previous meta-analyses between age groups regarding their intention -exercise behavior association. 2 At the same time, only one study has tested gender differences applying TPB to cigarette smoking, 13 founding that the model fitted better among female students. Despite the fact that no consistent evidence has been found relating to the moderator effect of age and gender on the TPB constructs association, we state that an exploratory analysis would be advisable. Thirdly, while previous studies on TPB on smoking behavior had used stepwise regression analyses, more recent ones apply SEM or path-analyses. When all TPB relationships were tested simultaneously, same patterns would change. For instance, after controlling the influence of intention, the PBC- behavior association would turn to negligible values (à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢=.05), such as Albarracà ­n et al 3 proved for condom use. Moreover, based on the fruitful results of meta-analysis obtained in many research domains, 3, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 it can be beneficial to use meta-analytic structural equation modeling techniques (MASEM) in testing causal models, such as some authors suggested. 4, 26 Based on these methodological and conceptual issues, the main objective of this meta-analysis was threefold. The first objective was to test the strength of the relationships between the TPB constructs with the smoking behavior. Specifically, we hypothesized: (1) large ES for intention-behavior, PBC-intention, PBC-behavior, and attitude -intention; (2) moderate ES for SN- intention; (3) larger ES for intention-behavior than for PBC-behavior and (4) larger ES for PBC-intention and SN-intention than for attitude-intention. The second purpose was to test the influence of moderator variables on the relationships between the TPB constructs. Specifically, we proposed (5) larger ES for attitude- behavior, PBC- behavior, SN-behavior, and intention-behavior when measures have been taken simultaneously; (6) larger ES when the time interval was shorter; (7) the largest ES for SN-intention and SN- behavior when participants belong to a collectivist culture, coded as Others into the category orig in of the sample; (8) larger ES for attitude- intention, SN-intention, PBC-intention and intention -behavior when constructs have been measured with scale correspondence; and (9) mean age of the sample, percentage of males and year of publication would moderate the relationships among TPB constructs. The third purpose was to test the predictive utility of TPB on smoking behavior through MASEM analyses. Specifically, we hypothesized that: (10) intention and PBC will predict smoking behavior; (11) attitude, PBC, and SN will predict intention and (12) intention will be a stronger predictor of behavior than PBC. Method Literature search In order to locate relevant studies, we conducted a computerized bibliographic search of the PsycInfo, MedLine, ERIC, using the terms smoke, smoking behavior, nicotine, tobacco consumption, and TPB as keywords. We also conducted a manual search of journals that regularly published smoking behavior research. Descendent searches have been conducted based on the references section of retrieved studies specifically previous TPB meta-analyses including multiple behavioral outcomes- and some authors have been contacted to obtain unpublished papers. This processes resulted in 52 studies retrieved in full text to further screening. Inclusion and exclusion criteria A study was considered for this meta-analysis if it met the following inclusion criteria: (1) the study had to report quantitative research on TPB applied to smoking behavior; (2) the study had to report a Pearson correlation coefficient between TPB constructs or data that enable us to calculate ES. Upon closer examination of the remaining 52 studies, a total of 27 studies were included which provided an amount of 35 independent samples (N= 267,977) and 219 ES. A total amount of 25 studies were excluded. Reasons for elimination have been that TPB construct measures were not included (8 studies), i.e.: 27, or that the studies were focused on smoking cessation instead of on smoking behavior (17 studies), i.e.: 28, 29. Only one dissertation has been included and no unpublished papers have been obtained. The studies that focused on smoking cessation have been excluded because the outcome variable in the model-smoking behavior versus smoking cessation-differs substantially. These studies will be used to conduct a separate meta-analysis on smoking cessation. All the included studies are marked with an asterisk in the reference section. Coding of studies The study characteristics coded were: year of publication, origin of the sample, scale correspondence, and time interval between TPB measures. The subject characteristics coded were: the number or participants, mean age of the sample, and gender (as percentage of men in the sample). We consider relevant to code how smoking behavior was assessed (i.e., objective vs. self-report.) but we could find only one study which used objective measures, as CO (carbon monoxide) tests. 30 Following the procedures of Symons and Hausenblas, 2 the time interval between intention and behavior was examined by classifying the studies as: (1) short (less than or equal to six months), (2) medium (greater than six months and less than or equal to one year), (3) large (greater that one year). Regarding scale correspondence, we examined the method section of each study in search of the detailed information. Such as Symons and Hausenblas suggested 2, scale correspondence has been fulfilled when the same magni tude, frequencies or response formats are used to assess the constructs. If intention and behavior were measured exactly with the same items, we considered that scale equivalence was present. If intention was measured with a broader redaction (i.e.: How certain are you that you could resist smoking this term?) while behavior was assessed by a more detailed item (i.e.: How many cigarettes did you smoke per day?), or by asking participants to classify themselves as non-smoker/current-smoker, we considered that scale correspondence has not been fulfilled. In order to ensure accuracy, the studies were coded by two authors independently, reaching an intercoder agreement of 90%. The level of agreement reached was highly satisfactory and inconsistencies were solved by consensus. Some decisions about independence of the samples were taken. If the same study design was carried out in multiple but independent samples (i. e, boys and girls, asthmatic and no-asthmatic students, African-American, Puerto Rican and Non-Hispanic white teenagers) results were entered into the meta-analysis as independent samples. 8, 18, 13 In other cases, only one ES per study has been considered. Data analysis We followed Hedges and Oldkins 31 meta-analytic fixed effects procedures to estimate weighted mean correlations. In these procedures, correlations were converted using Fishers r to z transformations and weighted by N 3, the inverse of which is the variance of z, in analyses. Using Cohens criteria, 32 ES values of .10, .30 and .50 were considered small, moderate and large effects, respectively. Graphical procedures were used to explore the skewness of data. When an extreme value was detected, analyses were carried both including and excluding the outlier. Next, we tested the homogeneity of the ES (Q statistics) and we analyzed the influence of moderator variables using categorical model (ANOVA analogous) and weighted regression analyses (fixed-effect model). One problem in the interpretation of meta-analytic results is the potential bias of the mean ES due to sampling error or to systematic omission of studies that are hard to locate. According to Orwin, 33 the tolerance index of nul l results should be calculated and there must be more than 300 unpublished studies (and not recovered by the meta-analyst) for the results to be annulled. However, this statement should be qualified because the index by categories yields small values in some of these categories. Therefore, we can conclude that publication bias is not very likely to threaten the results severely. MASEM analyses Meta-analytic structural equation modeling, which involves the techniques of synthesizing correlation matrices and fitting SEM, is usually done by applying meta-analytic techniques on a series of correlation matrices to create a pooled correlation matrix, which then can be analyzed using SEM, as suggested Viswesvaran and Ones. 4 However, these procedures have received criticism by Becker (1992) and more recently by Cheung and Chan. 26 Despite some problems, the major advantage of these univariate approaches are their ease of application in applied contexts. Based on these recommendations, we used Viswesvaran and Ones procedure to test the strength of the association among the TPB constructs with smoking behavior. The complete weighted correlation matrix was 5 x 5 and it was submitted to SEM analyses. The predicted model was fitted assuming the harmonic mean (N= 239) as sample size, 4 and it was estimated with unweighted least squares procedures. The proposed model, according to TPB l iterature, had three exogenous latent variables and two endogenous ones, such as depicted Figure 1. Besides chi-square, we reported Goodness of Fit Index (GFI), Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI), Normative Fit Index (NFI), and Root Mean Squared Residual (RMR) as fitness indices. It is typically assumed that GFI, AGFI, and NFI >=.90, RMR values

DBQ Federalists and Democratic-Republicans Essay

Thesis: It would appear that the assertion that Democratic-Republicans were strict interpreters of the Constitution while Federalists were not are only somewhat accurate. The Letter from Thomas Jefferson to Samuel Kercheval is of particular interest because Jefferson outright states â€Å"†¦I know also, that the laws and institutions must go hand in hand with the progress of the human mind†. This is somewhat different from the traditional image of Jefferson interpreting the constitution as absolute under any circumstances. The fact that he himself writes that the constitution must be adapted to the times suggest that Jefferson, like the Democratic-Republican party as a whole, was not such an absolutist. Jefferson also states that â€Å"I am certainly not an advocate for frequent and untried changes in laws and constitutions†¦Ã¢â‚¬  which would seem to indicate that He also believed that a change to the constitution was a serious thing not to be taken lightly much like the historical image of the Democratic-Republicans. Jefferson believed that amendments would eventually become necessary to preserve the constitution as a credible document, however he also believed such changes should only be made when absolutely necessary. The fact that this idea about the constitution (that it was not perfect and would eventually need change) contradicts the historical image of strict and absolute interpretation of the constitution that Democratic-Republicans, and by extension Jefferson himself, are given. -While Jefferson shows sympathy towards eventual change on issues such as slavery he did not follow through in the least as president. -Jefferson is sometimes portrayed as the first great president by historians. -Jefferson actually helped sign in the constitution with many of the men who would go on to be federalists. -Jefferson made many of his statements against slavery and absolute interpretation of the Constitution later in life which could suggest that much of these writings were out of hindsight of his actions as president and the unofficial leader of the Democratic-Republicans One document that might suggest that Federalists were not all so supportive of the federal government over the states was the speech that Federalist  Daniel Webster delivered before Congress on december 9th 1814. Webster states â€Å"If the secretary of war has proved the right of Congress to enact the law enforcing a draft of men out of the militia into the regular army, he will be able at any time be able to prove quite as clearly that Congress has the power to create a dictator†. This quote is loaded with sentiments normally expected from a Democratic Republican rather than a Federalist. States rights, negative sentiment towards Federal authority over the states, and the assertion that this expansion of Federal power is a step towards tyranny, are all opinions typical of a Democratic Republican, not a Federalist. This clearly suggests that not all Federalists were loose interpreters of the constitution since states rights is an argument usually made by someone advocating for a strict interpretation of the Constitution. – It would appear that this speech was relatively pointless to affect the conflict at hand considering that the war of 1812 (Mr. Madison’s war as dubbed by Federalists) was only fought for a few more weeks before it was officially concluded. – Federalists were quite against this war with Britain which could mean that Webster could have come to this argument more out of anger over the war than actual ideals. – It is interesting that the measure Webster is referring to took place in 1814 considering that the Democratic-Republicans, who would have been against drafting militiamen into the national army, controlled the Congress, Senate, and the White House. -1814 was the last year that Federalists had a major role in Congress given their attempt to secede from the union in 1815 in the Hartford Convention. The report and resolutions of the Hartford Convention serves to demonstrate how Federalists did support a loose interpretation of the constitution. In the resolution the participants (of whom many were Federalists) proposed that several amendments to the constitution be adopted by the states. While this may seem fairly insignificant the fact that they were trying to conform state laws to national law shows a very strong leaning towards Federal authority over state authority. This was very much in line with Federalist principles and loose interpretations of the constitution since they are proposing three changes to several state constitutions. The Federalists are taking a stance against state rights which are guaranteed in the  constitution and requesting that the states conform to federal law which can be seen as a rather loose interpretation given that powers not afforded to the national government are given to the states by the tenth amendment. -The three proposed amendments seem to inhibit the power of the government which is more in line with Democratic-Republican ideals, which could suggest that this was meant to gain bipartisan support in the states. – The Hartford Convention was also famous for being the unofficial demise of the Federalist party considering that the resolutions also threatened to declare New England independent from the union if the government did not comply which the largely Democratic-Republican populated nation viewed as treasonous. – One of the amendments proposed made it illegal to enforce an embargo for longer than 60 days which is interesting considering that leading up to the war with Britain, many Federalists were advocating ignoring the embargo on Britain. – Although the Democratic-Republicans controlled Congress, the Senate, and the presidency prior to the Hartford Convention, the negative reaction to the resolutions layed out by the Hartford Convention ensured what could be described as a near one party rule for the Democratic-Republicans through the mid 1800’s. One Final Document that would serve to demonstrate how there was a large grey area in how Democratic-Republicans and Federalists interpreted the Constitution is actually another speech made by John Randolph in 1816 before Congress. Randolph himself was a very strict interpreter of the constitution but what makes this speech interesting is who he is calling out in this speech and why. â€Å"We have another proof that the present government (the Madison administration) have renounced the true Republican principles of Jefferson’s administration on which they raised themselves to power†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Randolph is calling out the Democratic-Republican president James Madison, for â€Å"renouncing† the policies laid out by Thomas Jefferson who is seen as  the establisher of many of the ideals of the Democratic Republican Party. Madison is accused of â€Å"aggravating the burdens of the people for the purpose of favoring the manufacturers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Essentially he is being called out for raising taxes on the middle class. Why this demonstrates how Democratic Republicans could have taken a loose interpretation to the constitution is because raising taxes is something that many Democratic-Republicans believed to be a state by state issue even though the Constitution gives the government the power to levy taxes. However Madison is going against that ideal and raising the national tax rate which given the Democratic-Republican interpretation of only allowing states to raise taxes, is a very loose interpretation. -Madison was known to have changed his opinion on these matters several times as a politician which could explain why he was raising taxes. -Randolph also linked Madison to John Adams who was also a loose interpreter of the constitution and rather unpopular amongst the Democratic-Republicans because of it. – Madison was very much influenced by Thomas Jefferson who would have definitely disapproved of raising taxes on the middle class. – Madison was the first president to preside over the â€Å"Era of Good Feelings† or the time period where the Democratic-Republicans enjoyed a near one party rule in the government. This tax would have been a very unusual interruption in the usual lack of debate and argument that was apparent in Congress and the Senate.

Bulacan Sweets Essay

Success, they say, is sweeter when earned the hard way. For entrepreneur Lydia Veneracion, 60, her Bulacan Sweets was nurtured with hard work and perseverance. Over the last 24 years — and still going strong — Bulacan Sweets’ specialties like pastillas and candied fruits have become household names. Starting with only 10 kinds of sweets and candies in 1970, Bulacan Sweets is now manufacturing and selling over 200 products. It has also expanded its product lines and now engages in the canning and bottling of Bagoong, Lechon Paksiw, taba ng talangka (crab fat paste) and binagoongan (shrimp paste). From only one display shelf in 1970, it now has 13 outlets in most shopping malls in Metro Manila. â€Å"I was happy if I earned P100 per day during that time,† Veneracion says of her business, which has since grown into a multi-million-peso venture. Veneracion recalls she only had P1,000 as capital in 1970 when she started her business in an aprtment in Retiro Street (now Amoranto Street) n La Loma, Quezon City. Today, she has a candy factory, a kitchen and a laboratory. She says she used to buy pastillas and other candies from her relatives in her hometown of San Miguel, Bulacan. At that time, she only had two helpers to assist her in making some of the products she sells. Bulacan Sweets now employs over 60 workers. She takes pride that most of her sales ladies can afford to go to school during their spare time. Natural Interest Making candies has always interested Veneracion. She inherited her love for cooking and food preparation from her grandmother, also a Bulakeà ±a. At an early age, she learned how to make fruits like mangoes and kamias into mouth-watering candies. Veneracion, who used to work as a government nurse in the 1960’s, opted to retire early when her four children were growing up. Setting up a store then was just a hobby to ease the boredom she felt while wating for her children to rturn from school. Lucky for her, husband Lorenzo  Veneracion — now a Regional Trial Court Judge of Manila — has always been supportive of her endeavor. The growth of the Bulacan Sweets business exemplifies Filipino entrepreneurship, partnership and creativity. Veneracion relates that during the first two years of her business, the store only had a handful of buyers. It was her husband who helped in the initial marketing of their products when he used direct mail to attract customers. She remembers her husband sending letters to people listed on the telephone directory. It so happened that one of the letters reached a writer of a national daily. The writer who dropped by her store was so impressed with her products that she featured her in her column. â€Å"The next day, I was shocked when so many people flocked to our store. I even sold all the items in the glass shelf,† Veneracion relates. As sales continued to grow, the Veneracion couple visited several provinces nationwide to include regional delicacies in their product lines. â€Å"We have to do this because our customers were asking for these products,† Veneracion says. Bulacan Sweets doesn’t only offer delicacies from Bulacan, but also sells pili nuts from Bicol, vinegar from Ilocos, broas from Quezon, bokayo from Pangasinan and pure honey from Palawan. The creativity of the people behind Bulacan Sweets is evident with the stores’ colorful boxes and artfully-wrapped products, which have set a trend in the packaging of native delicacies. These artistic wrappers have become so popular that they are now sold separately. Veneracion hires the services of an expert designer to create beautiful wrappers for the sweets. Preserved fruits in the bottles are also distinctively prepared with their handcrafted designs. Fruit preserves, too, are shaped creatively. Several hotels and catering businesses are also ordering Bulacan Sweets products for their customers. To improve her products, Veneracion takes time to attend seminars here and overseas. She recently attended a seminar in Japan to get ideas on the latest technology n the food sector, including the packaging of delicacies. She is also part of a nationwide organization called Integrated Manufacturers of Food Products Philippines that aims to help food manufacturers improve their products and find solutions to problems nagging the industry. Veneracion says the main problem of her business is the expensive price of sugar and sometimes, the lack of fruit supply, which are th e main ingredients of her products. Sweet Dreams To preserve the continuity of the business, Veneracion has asked her daughter — Loli, a graduate of hotel and restaurant management — to help her in the business. She adds that she wants the business to be a family tradition. Both mother and daughter help each other to assess the market situation and decide on the need to open new outlets. The Bulacan Sweets owner, meantime, has for her most fervent wish the sale of her products nationwide, and even in overseas markets. Although Bulacan Sweets has yet to have an overseas outlet, its products are now sold in the United States and some countries in Asia. Regular distributors are selling the products overseas under different brands. The products also reach foreign shore because many balikbayans are buying them as pasalubong to their friends and relatives overseas. Veneracions says she hopes to continue with the sweet success of her products by ensuring quality produce in excellent packaging. More importantly, she recognize s the value of good customer relations. For someone in the business for the last 24 years, the Bulacan Sweets entrepreneur knows what it takes to make a success story.

Foundations of Nursing Practice Essay Essays

Foundations of Nursing Practice Essay Essays Foundations of Nursing Practice Essay Essay Foundations of Nursing Practice Essay Essay A contemplation on how the faculty content and associated pattern experience has contributed to the student’s development as a nurse. This essay is a treatment on how the faculty content and pattern experience has contributed to personal development as a nurse. Therefore it will concentrate on foremost the construct of individualised attention and its relevancy to nursing appraisal and attention bringing. secondly the ethical and professional issues that impact nursing such as confidentiality. consent and self-respect. The essay will besides concentrate on researching the assorted communicating theoretical accounts and the development of the curative relationship between the nurse and the service user. and eventually the administration and bringing of attention within the pattern environment. With peculiar mention to a recent arrangement. at a alleviative attention nursing place. this essay will discourse Harriet. an 88 twelvemonth old lady with chronic bronchitis and suffers with multiple induration. For confidentiality purposes the names of service users have been changed to follow with the Nursing and Midwifery Council. Code of Conduct ( NMC 2008 ) . : This assignment will foremost discourse the individualized attack to nursing. which developed in the USA during the 1950’s and 1960’s. which coincided with the development of the nursing theory and theoretical accounts of nursing which began to dispute the medical theoretical account of wellness attention ( Lloyd. Hancock. Campbell 2007 ) . The nursing procedure can be carried out successfully by implementing a popular theoretical account used extensively in the UK originally by Roper et Al Activities of Populating theoretical account in which it is based slackly upon the 12 activities of day-to-day life ; nevertheless Henderson acknowledges 14 activities that people engage in ( Kozier. Erb 2008 ) . This theoretical account identifies any shortage in their attention normally upon admittance ; it is reviewed as the attention programs of the service user evolve ; after which an intercession may be given to the service user. The nursing place that was attended for arrangem ent had individual centred attention programs in which they based them on the 12 activities of day-to-day life from kiping. feeding and imbibing to mobility and communicating ; these were short term attention programs that were reviewed monthly. Another theoretical account that is often used described by Ellson ( 2008. pg22 ) is the Nursing Process. when it was ab initio identified ; Yura and Walsh ( 1978 )showed that it is a four phase rhythm that begins with appraisal. Harriet was assessed by the Doctor as the registered nurse in charge ( RGN ) noticed a alteration in her wellness ; she had developed a wheeze when speaking and had a big-chested cough. the RGN suspected a chest infection. A attention program was so devised to follow up the appraisal. Harriet was to be started on a class of antibiotics for a hebdomad. and was to be resumed on her atomizer. The attention was so implemented the undermentioned twenty-four hours during the forenoon drugs unit of ammunition. An rating of that attention completes the rhythm ; in which Harriet was to be seen by the Doctor the following hebdomad after finishing her class of antibiotics and was to stay on her atomizer. Additionally. more than one phase can be happening at the same clip. for case appraisal may co-occur with execution ( Carpenito-Moyet 2007 ) . If ends are achieved after the first rhythm. attention possibly terminated or in some instances modified and the service user reassessed. ( Ellson 2008. pg22 ) This procedure is designed to heighten systematic attention. drive communicating amongst squad members and promote continuity ( Mason 1999 cited in Habermann. Uys 2006 ) . The RGN wrote in Harriet’s day-to-day study and updated her attention programs. placing her alteration in medicine and alteration in her wellness. Throughout nursing there are many ethical and professional issues that impact on it from confidentiality. consent to esteem and self-respect. to clear and accurate records and working as portion of a squad. The Nursing and Midwifery Council Code of Conduct ( NMC 2008 ) clearly states that nurses should guarantee they gain consent ( NMC 2008 ) from the service user this can be anything from analyzing. supplying attention and giving intervention. Consequently a nurse has to be prepared if a service user declines their aid as they have a right to decline intervention based on cognition of the results and hazards ( Wilkins and Williams 2008 ) . Informed consent is a communicating procedure between the supplier and the service user ; this is now recognised as a professional criterion of behavior ( Westrick and Dempski 2009 ) . However if there is a instance where the service user does non hold the mental capacity to give consent. they are protected by the Mental Capacity Act 2005 in which during the determination doing process their rights and involvements are accounted for ( Griffith and Tengnah 2010 ) . My first undertaking at arrangement was to seek and feed Harriet. I introduced myself alongside a wellness attention helper and asked if I was able to feed her tiffin. I was refused. on the evidences that I was a fresh face and that she did non cognize me so I let the wellness attention helper feed her. The undermentioned twenty-four hours after helping the RGN with Harriet’s medicine. she kindly said to me that she would allow me feed her today if I was able to ; so at tiffin clip I went along with another wellness attention helper to feed her. Another of import ethical issue is keeping a person’s self-respect as Watson ( 1994 ) mentioning ( Watson 2008 ) states that keeping human self-respect is a critical nursing responsibility and map. that needs to be recognised and respected in which people make to their ain attention and good being ( NMC Code 2008 ) . This can be associated with many facets of attention such as bed bathing. pore attention. nog tubing attention as Westrick and Dempski ( 2009 ) travel on to state that it is down to the service user to state what is to be done with his or her organic structure. Fenton and Mitchell ( 2002 ) cited in Franklin. Ternestedt and Nordenfelt ( 2006 ) argue that aged people having attention sing self-respect is a province of physical. emotional comfort. later when this is non ever adhered to it can go forth the service user feeling embarrassment. shame. humiliation. folly and debasement ( Mairis 1994 cited in Watson 2008 ) . However nurses themselves can go emotional if the criterion of attention given is non sufficient this is supported by the Royal College of Nursing study ( 2008 ) inquiring nurses for their positions on self-respect in attention in which over 80 % said they sometimes or ever left work distressed due to non being able to present the quality of attention they thought they should give ( Gallagher. Tschudin 2010 ) . When asked to give a bed bath to Harriet. I made sure that merely the country being cleaned was exposed therefore covering up other private countries in instance anybody was to come in her room. When Harriet was seen by the Doctor sing her chest infection I treated the information sensitively and maintained confidentiality with all her wellness records. The presence of the curative relationship lies at the bosom of patient centred nursing. However the nature of this one to one relationship is really dependent on the context in which nursing attention is delivered ( McCormack 2004 mentioning O’Connell 2008 ) . Therefore the edifice blocks for this relationship should concentrate on genuineness. empathy and regard. which should go forth the service user feeling supported every bit good as listened to. whilst the nurse feels value in their function ( Dossey. Keegan. American Holistic Nurses Association 2008 ) Whereas Bynum-Grant and Travis–Dinkins ( 2010 ) travel on to state that whilst the curative relationship is at the nucleus of nursing it is the cognition and skill along with the caring attitudes and behaviors applied that construct the foundations of this relationship. I spent a batch of clip with Harriet acquiring to cognize her. and constructing a relationship of trust with her. in order for me to go to her person al attention demands. give her medicine orally under direct supervising. This assignment will now discourse the effectual communicating accomplishments throughout nursing that helps practicians to prosecute with the service user. by doing certain agreements are met for people’s linguistic communication and communicating demands ( NMC Code 2008 ) Studies have shown that the relevant communicating means given to an person can better wellbeing ( Bell 1996. Happ 2001 cited in Batty 2009 ) . Means of communicating that have proved successful are non verbal techniques such as authorship. pulling or by gesture. therefore communicating AIDSs have been made available such as supplying a pen and paper. or alphabet charts ( Batty 2009 ) . Effective communicating is seen as a cardinal competency required for enrollment as a nurse ( Nursing and Midwifery Council 2004 cited in Timmins 2009 ) Timmins and Astin ( 2009 ) besides goes onto explain that continuity of attention supports high quality communicating as it builds up the relationship between nurse and service user and is a chief characteristic of patient centred attention. Crouch and Meurier ( 2005 ) cited in Cox and Hill ( 2010 ) defines communicating as a two manner procedure in which information is transmitted and received. However listening to service users and their households is cardinal to the communicating procedure ( Timmins and Astin 2009 ) Harriet could pass on easy. her hearing was somewhat impaired hence you had to talk aloud and clearly ; she was on oculus beads as her sight was deteriorating and she was really good spoken and if I was to state something falsely she would be really speedy to rectify me. Harriet nevertheless was somewhat confused and sometimes perennial things she had said a few minutes ago. she besides had fanciful friends she would mention to whilst speaking to me. This essay will now research the bringing of attention in nursing which is really of import as this can impact the service users’ experience. There are three ways in which attention can be delivered ; this is by primary attention. undertaking allotment and squad nursing. Primary nursing began in the 1970’s as a manner to get the better of dissatisfaction with functional and squad nursing’s accent on undertakings that directed nurses’ attending off from holistic attention of the client ( Huber 2006 ) . Walsh and Crumbie ( 2007 ) explain that primary attention nursing involves one nurse being apt 24 hours a twenty-four hours for all attention delivered to a patient. However Thomas ( 2006 ) identifies this is non ever necessary as attention can be delegated to other nurses or wellness attention helpers †¦ yet the primary nurse carries duty for composing attention programs and guaranting that long term ends are met. Skelton ( 2001 ) cited in Timmins and Astin ( 2009 ) suggest that this attack fosters autonomy and gets them involved with their attention instead than wellness professionals ordering their attention to them. Within the nursing place the primary nursing attack to care was non suited as there were excessively many service users for one nurse to concentrate all their attending to at one clip. Many wellness attention scenes would deny utilizing undertaking orientated attention nevertheless in world it still goes on and tends to bring on apathy and cut down squad morale. Task allotment on the other manus may be the most suited manner of apportioning the work load ( Thomas 2006 ) particularly during staff deficits or certain wellness attention scenes. Despite the nursing place holding individual centred attention programs and doing individualizing the attention needs. the nursing place still took on the undertaking allocated attack as all the occupants had breakfast by 8am and were washed and dressed by 9am. However as Harriet was unable to feed and dress herself due to holding multiple induration she was frequently left until last to hold these demands addressed as two wellness attention assistant’s were required. Team nursing was developed in the early 1950’s it was designed so that staff strengths can be used to the upper limit and AIDSs group productiveness and growing of squad members. By utilizing this system nurses should still be able to supply individualized nursing attention ( Lloyd. Hancock and Campbell 2007 ) therefore nurses take on certain functions such as temperature. medicine or a nurse for the right side of the ward ( Kalisch and Kalisch 1978 ; Reverby 1987 cited in Huber 2006 ) . Communication is hence cardinal for this theoretical account to be effectual as the squad leader continuously evaluates and communicates alterations of the patient to the squad members ( Zerwekh. Claborn 2006 ) . It besides allows the nurse to depute patients to the strengths of the staff with what their attention focuses on ( Tiedeman and Lookinland 2004 cited in Zerwekh. Claborn 2006 ) . Unfortunately the attention given can go disconnected and therefore uneffective and productiveness decreased among team members if there are staff deficits. Harriet’s attention followed this attack. as she was bed bound the arjo hoist was the lone manner of reassigning her from bed to chair ; this needed two people. as did log turn overing Harriet for her bed bath so she was cleaned efficaciously and suitably. I feel the faculty content has contributed to my development as a nurse as it taught all the relevant information needed for my first arrangement. I was able to see how the theory coincided with the pattern which besides contributed to my development as a nurse. For illustration I was able to see how the individualized attention attack was introduced into the individual centred attention programs used within the nursing place. I was besides able to see how the curative relationship was built amongst the nurses in charge. the wellness attention helpers and other members of the multidisciplinary squad. they each had their ain manner of nearing the service user in respects to their attitudes. organic structure linguistic communication and behavior. this I was able to pick up and utilize myself which made me handle state of affairss better. The faculty content went into great deepness and was given in a assortment of larning manners which suited my acquisition form holding come directly from school ; I feel the type of larning given has strengthened my ability to larn and the relevant theory made me experience more confident when go toing arrangement. Having learnt the theory I was able to set some of this knowing experience into pattern. as holding had no old experience within wellness and societal attention I felt uneasy at first but as more religion and assurance was put into me via my wise man and other staff members. this helped me experience more involved and more comfy with working within this environment giving me the assurance encouragement I needed. Throughout the arrangement I was guided throughout every undertaking that I had to transport out. I was learning it foremost by wise man and so throughout the hebdomads I had to better on what I had learnt. the registered nurses I shadowed were really supportive an d accessible which helped me greatly. In decision this essay has discussed the construct of individualised attention by integrating the nursing procedure and theoretical accounts that evaluate the service user’s wellness and identifies the attention needed and any shortages in their attention. Nurses uphold a repute in which the ethical and professional issues are the foundations of this. As explored throughout this essay it shows that confidentiality. consent and self-respect are cardinal throughout nursing and demand to be incorporated into the attention provided by the nurses. Assorted theoretical accounts of communicating have been identified throughout this essay its relevancy shows how the nurse must interact with service user. this is really of import as the service user needs to be able to show their concerns of their wellness either verbally or not verbally. The curative relationship is at the epicenter of nursing as this can impact a service users experience within a wellness and societal attention puting. The essay has besides explored the administration and bringing of attention needed to be most effectual throughout nursing. Overall the essay has focused on assorted cardinal facets of nursing that contribute to the manner attention is delivered to service users. Reference List* Batty S. ( 2009 ) ‘Communication. Swallowing and Feeding in the Intensive Care Unit Patient. Nursing in Critical Care. 14 ( 2. July/August ) . pp. 175-177. * Bynum – Grant D and Travis Dinkins M. M. ( 2010 ) Schaum’s Outline of Psychiatric Nursing. [ Online ] . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //books. Google. co. uk/books? id=ru57ujcVO6sC A ; printsec=frontcover A ; dq=schaum’s+outline+of+psychiatric+nursing A ; hl=en A ; ei=XcZmTeb7HZSyhAfUkJy4DQ A ; sa=X A ; oi=book_result A ; ct=book-thumbnail A ; resnum=1 A ; ved=0CEUQ6wEwAA # v=onepage A ; q=therapeutic % 20relationship % 20is % 20at % 20the % 20core % 20of % 20nursing % 20 A ; f=false. ( Accessed:25 January 2011 ) . * Carpenito-Moyet L. ( 2007 ) Understanding the Nursing Process ; Concept Mapping and Care Planning for Students. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams A ; Wilkins. * Cox C. and Hill M. ( 2010 ) . Professional Issues in Primary Care Nursing. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. * Dossey B. M. . Keegan L. and American Holistic Nurses Association. ( 2008 ) . Holistic Nursing ; A Handbook for Practice. 5th edn. London: Jones and Bartlett Publishers Limited. * Ellson R ( 2008 ) ‘Assessment of Patients’ . in Richardson R. ( ed. ) Clinical Skills for Student Nurses. Devon: Reflect Press. pp. 22-25. * Franklin LL. . Ternestedt B. M. and Nordenfelt L. ( 2006 ) . ‘Views on Dignity of Elderly Nursing Home Residents. ’ Nursing Ethical motives ; An International Journal for Health Care Professionals. 13 ( 2 ) . pp131-134. * Gallagher A. Tschudin V ( 2010 ) ‘Educating for Ethical Leadership’ Nurse Education Today. International Journal for Health Care Education. 30 ( 3. April ) . pp. 224-226. * Griffith R. and Tengnah C. ( 2010 ) Law and Professional Issues in Nursing. 2nd edn. Exeter: Learning Matters Limited. * Habermann M. and Uys L. R. ( 2006 ) The Nursing Process ; A Global Concept. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone * Huber D. ( 2006 ) . Leadership and Nursing Care Management. 3rd erectile dysfunction. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier. * Kozier B. . Erb G. . Berman A. . Snyder S. . Lake R. and Harvey S. ( 2008 ) . Fundamentalss of Nursing ; Concepts. Procedure and Practice. Harlow. Essex: Pearson Education Limited. * Lloyd H. . Hancock H. and Campbell S. ( 2007 ) . Principles of Care. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. * Nursing and Midwifery Council ( 2008 ) The Code of Conduct. * O’Connell E. ( 2008 ) ‘Therapeutic Relationships in Critical Care Nursing ; A contemplation on Practice. ’ Nursing in Critical Care. 13 ( 3 ) . pp. 138-143. * Thomas J. ( 2006 ) . Survival Guide for Ward Managers. Sisters and Charge Nurses. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 91-93. [ Online ] . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //books. Google. co. uk/books? id=pG-AzNFign4C A ; printsec=frontcover A ; source=gbs_ge_summary_r A ; cad=0 # v=onepage A ; q=primary % 20nurse % 20carries % 20responsibility % 20for % 20writing % 20care % 20plans % 20 A ; f=false. ( Accessed: 1 February 2011 ) . * Timmins F. and Astin F. ( 2009 ) ‘Patient Centred Care Reality or Rhetoric’ Nursing in Critical Care. 14 ( 5. September/October ) . pp. 219-221. * Walsh M. ( erectile dysfunction ) . and Crumbie A. ( erectile dysfunction ) . ( 2007 ) . Watson’s Clinical Nursing and Related Science. 7th edn. London: Elsevier Health Sciences. * Watson J. ( 2008 ) Nursing: The Philosophy and Science of Caring. Revised edn. Centennial state: University Press of Colorado. * Westrick S. J. and Dempski K. ( 2009 ) . Necessities of Nursing Law and Ethics. London: Jones and Bartlett Publishers International. * Williams L. and Wilkins. ( 2008 ) . Nursing Know How ; Charting Patient Care. pp. 67-90. [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //books. Google. co. uk/books? id=4e1hGOu7AusC A ; printsec=frontcover A ; dq=Nursing+Know+How % 3B+Charting+Patient+Care. A ; hl=en A ; ei=DcVmTbP6EYKKhQed5amuDQ A ; sa=X A ; oi=book_result A ; ct=book-thumbnail A ; resnum=1 A ; ved=0CEQQ6wEwAA # v=snippet A ; q=right % 20to % 20refuse % 20treatment % 20based % 20on % 20knowledge % 20of % 20the % 20outcomes % 20and % 20the % 20risks % 20 A ; f=false. ( Accessed: 25 January 2011 ) . * Zerwekh J. G. and Claborn J. C. ( 2006 ) Nursing Today Transition and Trends. 5th erectile dysfunction. pp. 342-346. [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //books. Google. co. uk/books? id=Il41NcOI3c0C A ; printsec=frontcover A ; vitamin Dq=nursing+today+transition+and+trends A ; hl=en A ; ei=rMRmTfLPCdCwhAeAnrSTDg A ; sa=X A ; oi=book_result A ; ct=book-thumbnail A ; resnum=1 A ; ved=0CDIQ6wEwAA # v=onepage A ; q=team % 20leader % 20continuously % 20evaluates % 20and % 20communicates % 20changes % 20of % 20the % 20patient % 20 A ; f=false. ( Accessed: 1 February 2011 ) . Bibliography* Funnel R. Koutoukidis G. Lawerence K. ( 2008 ) . Tabbners Nursing Care: Theory and Practice. [ Online ] . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //books. Google. co. uk/books? id=iyGLjn0Md0sC A ; printsec=frontcover A ; source=gbs_ge_summary_r A ; cad=0 # v=onepage A ; q A ; f=false ( Accessed: 17 December 2010 ) . * Davis C. ( 2009 ) . ‘Team Health and Safety. ’ Nursing Standard. 24 ( 2. September ) . pp. 24-25. * Donnelly M. ( 2002 ) . Consent: Bridging the Gap between the Doctor and Patient. Irish republic: Cork University Press. * Mayberry M and Mayberry J. ( 2003 ) . Consent in Clinical Practice. Oxon: Radcliffe Medical Press Limited. * Pembrey S. M. ( 1980 ) . The Ward Sister – Key to Nursing. London: Royal College of Nursing. * Pilcher T. ( erectile dysfunction ) . ‘Collaboration and Teamwork in Critical Care. ’ ( 2009 ) . Nursing in Critical Care. 14 ( 2 ) . pp. 45-46. * Radwin L. E and Alster K. ( 2002 ) . ‘Individualised Nursing Care: An Empirically Generated Definition. ’ International Council for Nurses: International Review 49. pp. 54-63.

Analyse the ways in which Ridley Scott creates an impact on the audience in the film Blade Runner Essay Example

Analyse the ways in which Ridley Scott creates an impact on the audience in the film Blade Runner Essay Example Analyse the ways in which Ridley Scott creates an impact on the audience in the film Blade Runner Essay Analyse the ways in which Ridley Scott creates an impact on the audience in the film Blade Runner Essay Essay Topic: Film Blade Runner, made in 1882 is a highly acclaimed film produced director Ridley Scott. In this film Replicants have successfully made it to earth and must be eliminated or retired by a blade runner or special policeman employed to remove the Replicants and preventing them from becoming a threat to the human race. The streets of China town 2050 are littered with dirt and grime. Polluted and left behind the earthy is now populated by misfits while their comrades have long ago left for colonies in outer space. The open scene leaves a shocking impression, as it shows us the polluted district that was once a beautiful region. The buildings are not unlike the ones that we are familiar with today but there are subtle differences such as the retro design applied to every building. This leaves an effective impression on the audience; it makes them wonder if this is mankinds destiny. The impression that we first acquire from this film is the initial shock we obtain from noticing the amount of pollution that has accumulated by 2050. The thick mist that hangs over everything makes us wonder if the landscape will look like by the time we reach the year 2050. Overall the scenes are dark and well chosen by the Director to have an unpleasant consequence helping you to believe that the Replicants are malevolent. Rain continually appears in the film because of the impression it gives out. Rain is normally associated with bad feeling and is perfect for this type of scene. As we come toward the end of the two films subtle differences in the change of camera angles and the actual clips used alter our perceptions on the different meanings conveyed by both films and impact that they place upon us differs as a consequence of this. From the changes we see the real weakness of the Blade Runner in contrast with the Replicant within The Directors Cut. Throughout the extract he tries to escape from the Replicant by jumping between two buildings. The Blade Runner fails to reach his target and grabs hold of an iron girder jutting out from the building, a changing camera angle points out the immense distance the Blade Runner will fall if he lets go. At this point we become concerned with the immediate welfare of the Blade Runner because we know that if the Replicant does not interfere, the death of the Blade Runner is imminent. As the Blade Runner follows we see the angle from behind the Replicant giving us the extract form his point of view. Just before he leaps skyward the camera angle changes showing the jump between building. In the original there are few changes in camera angle and so we do not see the strength of the Replicant conveyed as boldly such as we do in The Directors Cut. It is important to show these contrasting angles because without them we cannot visualise the viewpoints of the different characters, without them we do not appreciate the situation each character is facing. This shows the difference between the original film and directors cut and so differs our perception The improved camera angles in The Directors Cut bring out a more vivid picture overwhelming strength of the Replicant. After the death of the Replicant the two films return to the apartment of the Blade Runner. He finds his lover and makes it out safely with her. On the balcony out side the apartment an origami unicorn is left lying on the cold concrete floor. It is here that the main change between Cut and Original can be noticed; in the Original the Blade Runner places the unicorn on the dashboard of the hover police car and we see it fly into the distance. However in The Directors Cut the drive away scene featured in the original film is omitted. This is a notable difference as it alters our perception of the film entirely. It is this that sets aside the lasting impression we receive whilst conveying different messages, The Directors Cut leaves a subtle hint which points out that although is a Replicant she will live for much longer than previous Replicant models allowing her to stay with the Blade Runner for the remainder of their lives. The deduction of the drive away scene in The Directors Cut removes the sense that the two characters will live happily ever after and although will have a prolonged life the couples immediate future is still uncertain. The differences between the two endings of Blade Runner and The Directors Cut signals the main change in viewpoint over the two films and the impact they have on their audiences. The removal of the drive away scene leads us to believe that the characters futures are still uncertain and that they may not live happily ever after as the original Blade Runner film depicts. The altered camera angles in The Directors Cut give us a better perspective of the individual characters points of view. All of the changes made in the 1991 The Directors Cut vary our opinion of the true meaning of the film Blade Runner, the impact the film has an the spectators also changes noticeably as the transformations become more apparent to the viewers.

Future Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Future - Assignment Example – (Baudrillard, 1993) Baudrillard was of the view that the art world, in recent years, has moved into dark insight for future, with creativity significantly stifled by lack of curiosity and aesthetic sense. The artistic intellect of people has been largely paralysed, leading the art world into anarchy and blindness. It is same as a biological system being affected by disorder in its internal genetics and inherent rules that govern it. Similarly, art world has faced turmoil due to collapse of the underlying components that establish its foundation. The above quoted statement suggests that currently, the field of telematics has suffered largely from its own backfired initiative taken for promoting transparency and candidness. To make it worse, eventually technology came into role-play which focused primarily on creating mobility and connectivity. In due course of achieving these goals, technology led the society into a scenario where face-to-face communication is no longer value d or considered (Baudrillard, 1993). Although, the whole propaganda of art has been observed to flourish across the globe in recent decades, this enhancement is not in real terms. The true spirit and obsession that was embedded in art forms in previous times has diminished largely. The innovation, that once led artists and spectators into an imaginary world and generated serenity and ecstasy for them, no longer exists in the modern world. Consequently, art has lost its cultural significance, emotional attachments and extrinsic value in our societies. Now, the masses have gone astray in absence of aesthetic sense for artistic objects and primarily focus on their materialistic values and religious implications (Gane, 1995). â€Å"Artists and ordinary Web surfers alike will have to determine whether cyberspace truly is a new form of absence and ‘transparent evil’, or whether, instead, it is a place for creative, intelligent, and beneficial sensory exploration and communal connection.† - C. Freeland Previously known merely as a network of computer terminals, cyberspace is no longer restricted to this simple and technical definition. Freeland claimed that the internet has embedded into our communities and lives to an extent where survival without it is not possible anymore. He stated that it has promoted transparency to unacceptable levels, thereby allowing social evils to be easily acknowledged by masses as part of the evolution process. It is only fair to state here that the global village is on the verge of entering an information and technology age where spatial creations shall be more valued than natural beauty. In context of art, internet has caused a major transition of people from appreciating reality and originality to accepting the virtual forms of art. Simulation discards the craving for an aesthetic eye to be pleased with some real piece of art; instead, it develops recognition for ‘hyperreal’ content which is limited on ly to screens that displays cyberspace interface. Transparency here refers to the increasing proximity of

Policy Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Policy Making - Essay Example The contacts can be found in a government directory. The next step is initiating contact. This involves calling the offices or traveling to the offices personally. If an appointment is granted, the plan moves to the next part which involves correspondence on material. This is the part where any question that will be posed to the policy makers during the visit get availed to allow ample time for preparation. In addition, the policy makers will get a copy of the policy recommendation report to allow them to prepare for the discussion during the visit. After providing the material in focus, the next stage will involve setting up a date for the visit and the itinerary. The itinerary is generally focused on arrival at the policy makers’ offices and a schedule of the debates that will take place. The itinerary will be approved by both sides (we, the visitors and the policy makers). The visit will last for not more than two hours (Bensley & Brookins-Fisher, 2008). Overview of Recomme ndations The key strategies of the recommendations are proper patient-to-nurse ratio staffing, proper shift managements, and proper overtime management. The importance of these aspects of nursing is that they are the backbone of proper nursing environment. On proper nurse-to-patient ratio, the problem was that nurses in many hospitals were overwhelmed by the work they had to do. In some cases, one nurse had to tend to over sixty patients. This is a dangerous situation because nurses who are overwhelmed by their work get fatigued and, as a result, produce poor quality results (Kenner & Finkelman, 2012). On proper shift management, the problem identified was that nurses had to do very long shifts and in most cases worked on the same working quadrant for a long time. The long shifts made the nurses fatigued and demoralized them. The notion of working in the same quadrant over a long period of time made their work seem repetitive. Repetitive work makes the nurses numb to developments in the workplace. These developments are such as patient condition deterioration or any routine procedures that may need to be changed. My recommendation at this point is that the nurses should work shifts of less than eight hours and that the hospitals should do frequent rotation of the nurses in the wards (Kenner & Finkelman, 2012). On overtime management, the problem identified was that nurses did much overtime work. Daytime nurses tended to stretch their shifts into the night and vice versa. Other nurses took weekend jobs. The problem with overtime work is that it exhausts the nurses and confuses the doctors who will have already changed shifts. My recommendation is that nurses should be allowed as little overtime work as possible due to the nature of their work. Their work is sensitive and demands a lot of keenness (Kenner & Finkelman, 2012). Analysis of Empirical Evidence Empirical evidence showed that nurses who worked for long shifts had alarmingly poor results with many nursi ng related conditions attributed to them. Generally, nurses who worked long shifts complained of loss of concentration in work and stress. Doctors who worked with nurses, who worked long shifts, complained of laxity among those nurses and reduction in the quality of the nurses’ work. The case was worse among nurses who were registered and their unregistered assistants. In such cases, there was a breakdown in communication. Registered nurses who