Graduate Studies Challenges And Strategies Essay

There are many challenges that a student will face while completing graduate study. One challenge is to choose the title of the thesis or dissertation. Another challenge is to have more than enough money to complete graduate study. A third challenge is to pass the thesis or dissertation defense. The other challenges will surely pale in comparison with these three uphill challenges. They will surely try to break the student’s strong resolve to finish run the graduate study race. There are many strategies that they can use to address these challenges. We can easily list very effective ways the students can use to address the challenge to choose the title of the thesis or dissertation. We can easily enumerate very worthy ways the students can use to address the challenge to have more than enough money to complete the financially draining graduate study. We can easily jot down very efficient traditions the students can use to address the challenge to cross the finish line in the thesis or dissertation defense race(Palmer, 2006). BODY We can easily list very effective ways the students can use to address the challenge to choose the title of the thesis or dissertation. First, the student can research the Graduate School library copies to have several clues on how the titles of the thesis or dissertation were crafted. Second, the student can research other resources to accomplish this daunting task. Third, the student can ask the tutor or professor to guide the student along this disheartening graduate study phase. Lastly, the student can give up. Further, the student must use all the ways listed above to complete his graduate study mission to address the challenge to choose the title of the thesis or dissertation. The Graduate School library’s store of passed thesis or dissertations will surely guide the student on the different chapters of the thesis or dissertation. These accomplished library references will clearly show the long and narrow path that the students must also thread in order to get the tutor’s or graduate school professor’s nod in terms of the thesis or dissertation title. All these books generally will have a common denominator that will shed the light on the most likely thesis or dissertation title that the tutor or graduate school professor will favor(Timmerman,2006). We can easily enumerate very worthy ways the students can use to address the challenge to have more than enough money to complete the financially draining graduate study. First, the student can borrow money pay for the daily graduate school expenses. Second, the student can find work to pay the inescapable expenses to wiggle through the complex and overwhelming graduate study. Third, the student can seek scholarships to help defray the money needed to keep in pace with his graduate study mates. Fourth, the student can raise the flag of defeat. The student can pick one of the four worthy ways to address the challenge to have more than enough money to complete the financially draining graduate study. One student can easily find money if he or she chooses to borrow from moneyed relatives, banks, or other money lenders as compared to the other three strategies. Another student’s choice to gather enough finances by finding a job to defray his graduate school expenses could be his or her easiest option as contrasted with the other choices enumerated in the prior paragraph. The academically gifted student can apply for scholarships in order to pay for the expenses of accomplishing the academic requirements of his or her field of choice(Peterson,2005). We can easily jot down very efficient traditions the students can use to address the challenge to cross the finish line in the thesis or dissertation defense race. First, the student can literally ask the aid of his or her tutor or graduate school mentor. Second, the student can seek the help of someone who is an expert in the complex science of thesis or dissertation defense. Third, the student could use secondary resources to successful answer the defense panels’ barrage of questions with flying colors. Lastly, the student can loudly proclaim I Quit. Further, one student could find that the most comfortable tradition is to literally ask the aid of his or her tutor or graduate school mentor. Many graduate school students of different intelligences find this step a must. Another student would be most at home implementing the traditional way of seeking the help of someone who is an expert in the complex science of thesis or dissertation defense. The expert will lessen the student’s time needed to list the possible questions and to prepare the most academically correct answers to each questions during the much awaited graduate school defense. All the students must incorporate the traditional use of secondary resources to successful answer the defense panels’ barrage of questions with flying colors. This choice will undoubtedly complement the other traditions discussed(Glatthorn & Joyner,2005). CONCLUSION There are many strategies that the students can use to address the many challenges that they will face while completing graduate study to avoid giving up their academic dream. The student must use all the ways listed above to complete his graduate study mission to address the challenge to choose the title of the thesis or dissertation. The student can pick the one of the four worthy ways to address the challenge to have more than enough money to complete the financially draining graduate study. The students can use the best tradition that they feel most comfortable to address the challenge to cross the finish line in the thesis or dissertation defense race. Conclusively, there are many strategies that the students can use to address the many challenges that they will face while completing graduate study to avoid giving up their academic dream. REFERENCES: Glatthorn, A. , Joyner, R. , (2005), Writing the Winning Thesis or Dissertation: A Step –by -Step Guide, N. Y. , Corwin Press Palmer, W. , (2006), Dissertations on Subjects Relating to the â€Å"Orthodox† or â€Å"Eastern Catholic† Communion, Harvard, Harvard University Press Peterson, T. , (2005). Peterson’s Four Year Colleges, N. Y. , Peterson’s Publishing Timmerman, C. , (2006). The Everything Pencil Puzzles Book: Sharpen Up Your Puzzle – Solving Skills, N. Y. , Everything Books,

My future

I wanted to study business administration which consider of being the one in charge of the whole company and lead it to the success. Also is to be aware of everything that happens around, is like being a boss and make all kind of work that Is necessary. I decided that I wanted to study that because I Like to lead and being In charge of Important things like a company. Also because I Like companies and control them, Like being the boss and give orders to others.All begins with a dream when I was little for the novels I watch in television and so many of them where of people hat has company and has a lot of power and I thought â€Å"l want to be like them† and from there I became interested, but I never imagine it would be so much work that has to be done. I decided to make my practice of business administration in the pharmacy â€Å"Canvass Pharmacy'. This pharmacy is located in the arbitration Logic Valley, Canvass. I went there because of my aunt, she works there as a pharma ceutical.My aunt helped me so I could do the work there without any problems. Her boss, the lawyer Border, was very understanding and didn't say no. Mrs†¦ Border was very happy and she said that I can start working as soon as I anted. She Is a really good person, as soon as I met her I Like her, as well as her work team, they were friendly to me. I was really excited about this Job because I was going to work In what I always dream of, what I wanted to study, what I wanted to be when I grow up.I wanted to achieve my goal and don't defraud the boss because I don't like to do a bad work, I like to make things right. Also I like to make people proud of me and the things I do that I know are well done, well Ohio doesn't right? We all like that. The first day of my work I was really nervous because I didn't know what I as supposed to do and how it was going to be. As soon as I arrived to the pharmacy everyone welcome me in a good way. The work team was good, they were all really coo perators and they make me feel part of the team for the few days I went there.They help each other, Like Is supposed to be. The first work they make me do was to organize medical recipes by date and numbers and then store them. I hate It that work, It was too boring and long because there were too many medical recipes. The boss and my aunt worked with me so I didn't have to It alone and they correct me If I id something wrong. I always try to do everything right so they don't have to be correcting me all the time and I have the ability to learn fast. After that I had an hour of break in which I can eat and rest. Then I keep doing the same thing.While I work I talked to the lawyer, she told me about her life and gave me advices about life and asked me if I was sure this was really what I wanted to be. Well she told me that I have to propose to myself so many things to achieve them. She suggested me that I should study pharmacy because according to her that is leaving a lot of money t hese says. She told me that her life is really good because she gained a lot of money and is her own boss; make her own schedule the way she wanted according to her convenience. That made me thought a lot of what I wanted for my future.I know that the money Is not all, but I wouldn't mind having It. That day I finish working at 5:pop. M. The next day I went to work at 1 1 a. M. That day I was storing medical recipes once again. I was tired of doing the same thing so I told the boss. She moved medicine we're in its respective place and has the exact amount it should. In that place I was working with my aunt and a few people in charge of that area. Lately that day arrive the owner of the pharmacy and him by itself presented to me and he was really nice, a friendly man with all his employees and clients.I finish my work that day at 4:pop. M. That was my last day, I only work two days. The following experience that I lived I didn't like it that much because it wasn't what I really expec ted. This helped me to notice that I don't want to study business administration. I won't deny that I share with really good people that were so dedicated to their Job and this is admirable because there are not so many people like them that give the hundred percent in their Job.I feel that this work isn't for me because is something monotonous and I don't like that; I love to try new things and learn something new every day if it's possible. It was a good experience but sincerely this isn't what I want to be. I decided that I would look for other branches of work to know what I really want to study. I was thinking of following the advice that the lawyer give to me in looking something that is leaving a lot of money these days, like Ewing pharmacist.Although I'm not so sure, but I'm really interested in psychology because I like to hear and help others and give them advice. I'm also interested in veterinarian because I love animals so much, they are the best thing in the world, not all of them of course Just the majority. There is a lot of things that I like and they are so great that is hard for me to make a choice, I would study them all if it's possible, but we all know is impossible. The objective of Ms. Chilean in my case is accomplished. Actually I'm eternally thankful with the teacher for giving us the opportunity to realize this work.It helps us to notice what we really want and want to be in our future. Opportunities like this come once in a lifetime and we have to enjoy them while we can. If the teacher gives us the opportunity to do this work again I would do it again, but in some other thing that I mention previously. We have to make good choices about our lives because everything starts here and there's no way back. â€Å"The future is something that everyone can reach at a rhythm of sixty minutes per hour, whatever you do and whoever it is† (Clive Staples Lewis).

United States Imperialism

Imperialism is defined as the policy of extending a nation's authority by territorial acquisition or by the establishment of economic and political control over other nations; the notion of a globally stretching â€Å"American Empire† with such connotations was first made popular after the Spanish-American War of 1898 with the US annexation of the Philippines. Although previous US expansionism shares many similarities with this â€Å"new† age of expansionism, they also diverged from one another in several key ways. This new stage of American expansionism took place through the latter part of the nineteenth century and the early twentieth century and was quite analogous to the original or traditional type expansionism conducted by the US throughout its history proceeding this time period in several aspects. The first of which was the strong belief that expanding was a destined duty supported by God. When the US first gained its independence in 1776 span most of the east coast with the exception of Florida and extended only minimally into the mainland continent, but by the late 1800s the nation stretched from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific adding new states and territory and expanding across the entire continent. This relatively quick and vast expansion was a result of the idea known as Manifest Destiny, coined by columnist John O’Sullivan in 1845. The idea basically articulated that belief that the United States was destined to expand across the North American continent, from the Atlantic Seaboard to the Pacific Ocean. As a result of such a belief the US government did everything within its power to make this growth possible. This ranged from the buying of and making deals for territories from other foreign powers, like the purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France, to the taking of California and parts of New Mexico and Arizona from Mexico after the US Victory in the Mexican American War. This type of belief that imperialism was a necessary duty held true for the new age. This was not exclusive to the US and was widely accepted throughout most of the colonizing European powers as well. People at the time believed that God had made the â€Å"white race†; in the US special emphasis was put on the Anglo Saxon race, superior to all others as evidenced by their grander civilizations, numbers, wealth, and Christian beliefs. They saw these advantages as evidence that God wanted them to spread over the world imposing their rule on other races and lesser civilizations of the globe when inevitably the world’s supply of unoccupied land was depleted. This was especially the view of missionary minded Americans such as Reverend Josiah Strong, who called for Christian missions spanning the entire globe; their ideas stemmed from the Social Gospel (Document B). The Social Gospel involved the use of Christian ideals to help cope with the problems of the time, many of which were caused by rapid industrialization. This entitled way of thinking again helped inspire the United States to expand as well as convincing its people that such an expansion was rightful and meant to be, and again they did so because of these ideas and quite successfully so. The next ways in which the old and new ages were alike was in the treatment of the native peoples of the regions that the United States expanded into. During both time periods US policy toward the people already residing in any area newly acquired was biased and insensitive with little to no regard of the for the good or desires of the natives. During early American expansion the victims of such actions were almost exclusively Native Americans. As Americans pushed west they came into contact with a myriad of different tribes inhabiting different parts of the North American continent. The US government and these Indian tribes began to clash with each other quickly and soon what is widely seen as an unofficial extermination campaign began. This campaign carried on for decades until the US had spread a completely across the continent fighting and weakening individual tribes until they submitted to US dominance. Even after this Native Americans were still treated unfairly, having to contend with horrific US anti-Indian legislation. For Instance the Indian Removal Act, which took away Indian land and forced onto plots of land mandated for them do reside in, known as reservations. The most famous of which was the trial of tears, during which the Cherokee people were forced to march the one thousand mile distance from Georgia to Oklahoma under horrible conditions resulting in the deaths of 4,000 Cherokees. Another injustice toward the Indian peoples was their excluded from US citizenships and the rights and protections that come with it until 1924 with the passage of the Snyder Act. The treatment of those in the territories and colonies of the United States during this time during the late 1800s and early 1900s in that they again like the Native Americans were subject to harsh military action. This occurred shortly after Spain sold the Philippines to the United States for 20 million dollars. The Filipino people were under the mistaken assumption that after the withdrawal of Spain they would receive their independence, so as the US began to institute its rule in the colony Filipinos revolt under the leadership of Emilio Aguinaldo. The US government responded not by granting the Philippines its independence but instead by engaging in an armed conflict called by the American Anti-imperialist League, founded by Mark Twain in 1898, a â€Å"war of criminal aggression†. Although the US eventually won out due to far superior military might the process of doing so many Filipinos were slaughter putting Filipino blood on American hands (Document D). Inhabitants of the new age US imperial holdings were just as their Native American counterparts of the past denied rights and privileges and citizens. It was decided during this period that Congress would be granted jurisdiction over US foreign colonies and territories and control over the civil rights and statuses of those in them. This resulted from the Supreme Court case Downes vs. Bidwell, where a Puerto Rican exporter sued over the fact that he had to pay an import duties on his goods arguing that he was not technically importing them seeing as how Puerto Rico was a US territory. As Congress never saw fit to make grant such inhabitants of the â€Å"US Empire† they were not given rights under or protected by the Constitution as US citizens were (Document H). This lack of rights for natives in these lands opened the door to abuses and despotism from the United States government as well as other entities for instance big business, trying to serve their own needs and desires at any cost. The similarities between both states of US expansionism are represented both in its attitude toward its own expansion and in its handling of the existing populaces in the areas acquired. The more recent imperial period beginning in the late 1800s was also in numerous key facets a departure from previous US policies and preceding expansionism. To begin there was a major difference in venue between the two periods. During the early era US expansion was limited to the North American continent only spreading out and making larger the already existing American nation to the surrounding area. This mostly consisted of westward extension toward the Pacific Ocean, and the settling largely wooded country side that was quite relatively scarcely populated with only a number of Native American Indian tribes. However the latter era was a more global form of expansion. Instead of having growth limited to the continent and immediate area the US began to obtain colonies and territories thousands of miles away in other parts of the world such as the Philippines, the only official colony, Puerto Rico, and Guam. According to the father of the modern US navy, Admiral Alfred T. Mahan the US had to start looking outward to distant territorial options due to the increasing need for raw materials and other growing production needs, an expansionistic desire form the American public, and the geographic position of the nation between the Atlantic and Pacific (Document C). The perceived need to keep up with the growing colonial possessions and therefore wealth and power of the European nations was also a driving force behind this colonizing outward look. The US had fallen behind in this arena as shown in works like Thomas Nast’s â€Å"The World Plunderers†, which shows the dominant European nations of Germany, England, and Russia taking land off different regions of the globe. The US is not however represented here among these powerful colonizing nations, serving to show how far behind the US was in that way and how it did not play as large or powerful role as these other countries (Document A). These new colonial territories were not made up of under populated wilderness ready for settlement, but instead were populated and held developed native societies with their own customs that the US government had to deal with. This type of new era colonial style interaction is exemplified in events like the Filipino revolt against their American rulers for independence. Not only did US expansion change becoming more global, but US diplomatic expansionism foreign policy changed as well. During the initial time of expansionism the US foreign policy was focused on expansion through the gaining of land. While during the later time the US was still fixated on the attainment of land gains they began to also focus on expansion through the expansion of American influence throughout the world. During this time the US became somewhat less isolationist and introverted and looked to expand trade with other nations and sway over other nations rather than real â€Å"colonial† control. The goal of the United States was according to Senator Albert J Beveridge in the 1900 to use its colonial possession of the Philippines to control the Pacific Ocean, which he believed to be â€Å"the ocean of the commerce of the future†. This control over the Pacific would supposedly allow the US unrestricted trade with Asia, making it â€Å"the power that rules the world† (Document E). This idea in practice resulted in the institution of the open door policy. This policy nvolved the forceful persuasion of China by the United States to engage in trading with the US and other European powers. To keep from fighting between these powers separate â€Å"spheres of influence† were set up for each colonial power in which they could trade and conduct business as they pleased. This policy worked well making the US arguably the largest and most important foreign power in the region as shown by the political cartoon â€Å"American Diplomacy† (Document G). The United States also opened up Japan to trade with the Commodore Perry’s expedition to the nation in 1853. These types of influence foreign diplomacy were not only employed by the US in the Pacific but in the Latin America as well with particular regard to Central America. This was known as the Roosevelt Corollary, President Roosevelt’s interpretation of the Monroe Doctrine that required the US to interfere in the affairs of countries affected by wrongdoing and or impotence of the Western Hemisphere not for land but for the â€Å"welfare† of such countries (Document F). The Platt Amendment helped to support and legitimized the Corollary by guarantying US participation in Cuban dealings, both foreign and domestic and appeared to be at the time quite a success. The practice of dollar diplomacy took US influence over the Latin American to a new level by using both political and military authority to safeguard US citizens’ investments in the regions. This was used when President Taft sent US marines into Nicaragua in 1912 in order to keep safe American business interests. Such policies served to expand American control through increase in indirect influence instead of an increase in land and colonization. The variances between the old and new ways of expansion manifest themselves primarily in the change from continental territory gains to globally and the shift from a singular expansion attention on land to a attention on influence based expansion. United States expansionism has undergone changes throughout the years and at the same time stayed constant in many respects. Expansionism from the late nineteenth century and the early twentieth century was a continuation of past expansionism in that the religious and superiority driven attitude toward expansionism and the treatment of those already occupying the colonized areas remained the same. However it was a departure from previous expansionism because of its more global connotations and its focus on diplomatic influence as opposed to land. It is evident that regardless of their specific differences the old era of US expansion and the new era are their own distinct entities.

Wine bar project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Wine bar project - Essay Example The market survey and customer interviews that have been conducted provided the most important data needed for this business plan. The written plan highlights the executive overview of the marketing strategies to be adopted in order to increase the market feasibility of wine trading. The quality of the product and the strategies for the business are very crucial in the growth of any business. According to Marry-Colleen Tinney, â€Å"Wine consumers in the Unites States are evolving. Unlike in decades past, consumers’ today are more comfortable with wine as an every day luxury, are more confident with their choices and are willing to explore the category more fully than ever before. The more you bring up different options, the more consumers are going to make them a part of their purchasing decisions. Within the past five years the wine occasion has become more casual as consumers are enjoying wine as part of every day life.† (Tinney, 2007). The customers have the habit of experimenting with the varieties of wine and new products in the market. The National Restaurant Association reports â€Å"that 46 percent of adults patronize an eating establishment on typical day, resulting in approximately 50 billion meals eaten out nationwide.† (Suffolk County Department of Health Services). As the retail price of imported wines has dropped, perceptions of wine h ave changed from solely for special occasions to more daily consumption habits. This has driven an increasing consumer consciousness of price and quality and overall education about wine. By utilizing this opportunity wine bar with catering service will successfully operate in Suffolk County. After locating the premises of choice, it is crucial to obtain permits and license from health authorities and New York State Liquor authority before opening a Wine Bar in Suffolk

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Global Warming Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Global Warming - Speech or Presentation Example Our Earth is a finely balanced miracle of nature. Changes in one area create a ripple effect which touches each of us. Glacier thaws increase sea levels. Warming directly impacts weather patterns which affects every facet of nature: plant growth, species survival, and water resources to name a few. I would rather say there are many here who would still think global warming will not affect them much. Take a moment and consider what it would be like to walk outside and not hear a songbird singing or on a larger scale think about turning on your tap to get a drink of water and there is none or going to the grocery store only to find shortages of staples because of drought. Today I want to speak with you about Global Warming by first explaining briefly what it is, how it is measured and what affect it has upon our world. We'll briefly discuss how the earth's temperature and other weather conditions have been negatively impacted by the effects of global warming. And at last, I will explain simple steps we can all take to reduce the effects of Global Warming. In order to understand the magnitude of the problems associated with Global Warming, we first need to understand exactly what it is. According to the Environment Protection Agency (EPA) Global Warming is "an average increase in the temperature of the atmosphere near the Earth's surface and in the troposphere, which can contribute to changes in global climate patterns" (EPA, 2007, 1). Warming of the earth occurs naturally through reflection back to earth from the sun's rays by natural greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Without these gases the surface of the earth would not be able to sustain life as we know it now. The most recognizable greenhouse gas is Carbon Dioxide (CO2) which often is associated merely with car emissions. This however is not entirely true. CO2 is a naturally occurring greenhouse gas. The problem lies when we introduce manmade greenhouse gases into the atmosphere disrupting the natural balance and quantity of these gases. I don't want this to become a science lecture so we will not go into further detail about the types of gases. Rather, we need to examine the causes and quantities of these increased levels and the impact they have on our planet. During the 20th century we have made remarkable technological advances which have improved our way of living. However, these advances have not come without a price. Since 1900 the surface temperature of Earth has risen by approximately 1.4 degrees Fahrenheit. Additionally, since we have been recording weather data it has been documented that the warmest global temperature averages are increasing. The hottest averages have occurred within the last 15 years. The highest temperatures averages recorded occurred in 1998 and 2005, respectively. Further, the United States while only accounting for five percent of the world population is responsible for production of 25% of the manmade greenhouse gas emissions (EPA, 2007, 1). The impact of global warming is already being felt worldwide. Glaciers melt, reduction of the permafrost in the artic and Antarctica regions have already been documented. This melt has resulted in rising sea levels. Additionally, because of these climatic changes brought on by global warming we are experiencing a redistribution of wildlife including plants and animals. As we all have noted there has been a

Compare and contrast US health system Assignment

Compare and contrast US health system - Assignment Example The Canadian system offers universal access to health care for all its citizens while the American System offers health care to only 75% health insurance to its citizens (ONeill & ONeill, 2008). As opposed to Canada, United States has no single health care system across the nation. Health insurance is offered by private organizations and the government. The United States health care system has varied production techniques as opposed to the Canadian system. The government, NGOs and for-profit companies play a key function in the health care markets. The hospital industry in United States is dominated by the not-for-profit organizations as opposed to Canada, which is entirely dominated by government owned (ONeill & ONeill, 2008). Notably, NGOs control almost 75% of hospital beds. Additionally, for-profit organizations control the 70% of nursing homes in United States (ONeill & ONeill, 2008). Unlike in Canada, the reimbursement process in United States is multifaceted with numerous third parties comprising of the federal and state governments, party payers and for-profit health insurance organizations. The most common reimbursement is fee-for-service and the prepaid health insurance (ONeill & ONeill,

Legal research. Law review case notes paper Essay

Legal research. Law review case notes paper - Essay Example To illustrate this, he gives instances of which strategic litigation had led to substantial changes in the law. However, not all of these cases resulted in the exact expectations of the lawyers. To begin with, Professor examines the litigation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) to fight segregation. He agrees that initially, their litigation campaigns had little success until improvements were made after Brown was decided. Clients’ Interests in strategic litigation cases are singled out as the greatest impediment to litigation campaigns. He further gives the successes achieved by NAACP to make the US reconsider how the death penalty was administered at the time. The American Civil Liberties Union also succeeded in getting the government to improve prison conditions to acceptable standards that uphold human rights. Professor proceeds to discuss the implementation of Brown. In this 1954 case, segregation of pupils in US school based on race was outlawed. However, this only appeared to be on paper as this decision was not made practical immediately. Discrimination of blacks was still rampant. Even though Tushnet slightly agrees with Professor Rosenberg’s view that the Supreme Court did not achieve significant social change by deciding Brown, Tushnet points out that this was in the short term and goes further to exemplify what the Courts did later to effect the Changes envisioned in Brown. Success of Brown began to take root when policy was engineered towards it with the effort of the executive and Congress. Tushnet agrees with Professor Michael that success was dependent on politicians from the North began to favor civil rights. Continued pressure by organizations such as NAACP, politicians, and other civil rights groups eventually see the courts enact the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and

The National Health Service and How it Provides Service to the Public Literature review

The National Health Service and How it Provides Service to the Public - Literature review Example This paper analyses the performance of the National Health Service and makes recommendations on how it can improve on service delivery. It reviews literature on the quality of service offered by the National Health Service and proposes new ways of service delivery. With regards to this, the paper will define performance management, how it is measured and then proceeds to the current health status of Britons before delving into the challenges being faced and how best to fix them. Introduction The British National Health Service before the internal market reforms of the 1990s was a snarl-up of vicious incentives which made it very inefficient. Increased efficiency was achieved through the introduction of market incentives which in turn stimulated innovation in primary practice care. The improvement in service delivery followed because the medical practitioners had devised better ways of delivering quality service to the patients (Enthoven, 2000). This paper will review literature on al l the attempts made by the government to ensure that the citizens get quality healthcare and enumerate the reasons why some of them flopped as others succeeded. The current performance level of the British National Health Service will also be carefully analysed. ... This restricted the free flow of performance of the system because the government retained most of the control powers. The other reason for the dismal performance was because the experiment itself was based on an inadequate comprehension of both professional and managerial motivations. The importance of decentralisation in large corporations in terms international development cannot be overemphasised at this level. This is not limited to the private sector as the public sector has equally benefitted from this. The self governing trusts were introduced in the British National Health Service in the 1990s to serve as a paradigm case for the decentralisation of the public sector (Arrowsmith & Sisson, 2002). The progressive introduction of activity based funding in the National Health Service has been done progressively since the year 2003 under the name payment by results. This is representative of a major shift from the previous funding arrangements that were based on annual block payme nts for large bundles of services to what is being practiced at the moment (Sussex, & Farrar, 2009). The results from an interview done by Sussex and Farra (2009) indicated that there is a high degree of solidarity among the employees of National Health Service and the competition among the NHS hospitals was greatly curtailed. The problem however is that the payment by results initiative was introduced against a background of many other efficiency incentives. The managers did not detect any further specific boost effect of the initiative which was a major cause of concern for the policy makers. The fact that no impact on care quality was reported raises concerns on the appropriateness of the initiative itself. Perverse Bureaucratic

Thinking Cross-Discipline Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Thinking Cross-Discipline - Essay Example According to the biblical definition of saints, all Christians are saints and they are blessed with salvation from God. All bounties come from God, and so all glory belongs to Him. Hagiography is the study of saints. It was considered as an important literary genre in the early Christian church. It also provides information about history and stories of great legends. Several fundamental ideas broadly introduce the issue of Castilian medieval hagiography and justify the composition of this literature which can be drawn from reading critical texts on this subject. For a long time hagiography was an anonymous literature. If the author felt that he was supposed to emphasize fully pointing out the introduction, it is insignificant to describe the life of man marked by God. On the other hand, the hagiography of a hero is the sight of an ordinary man with an extra ordinary personality. For the compilation of the lives of people, a book could be taken versed in the work of the predecessors who had literary talent and was able to interpret the Divine Providence by analogy, mostly from the Scriptures. However, medieval hagiography knows the principle of unconditional devotion artistic personality and his scribe, "the authors will." As the lives of the ancient and medieval saints’ vary, there are often many different lists, editorials, differing greatly among themselves. This complicates the work of critical hagiography on preparing scientific publications lives, especially since most of them come down to us only in the later and heavily modified lists. Some of the old hagiographical documents are Martyr Acts, for example, Acts of the Scillitan Martyrs (180); Passions, for example, The Passion of Saints Perpetua and Felicity (202); and Martyrdoms, for example, The Martyrdom of Polycarp (about 156). The most important collections of hagiography are the Martyrs o f Palestine by Euse-bius of Caesarea who was a historian of

Misvaluation affect the failure of merger and acquisition activities Essay

Misvaluation affect the failure of merger and acquisition activities - Essay Example For instance, Vishny (2003) states that misvaluation effects play an important role in market approaches in the short as well as in the long run since they are often driven by managerial optimism whereby the managers intend to satisfy their immediate financial benefits and this often leads to failure in the long run. Reasons such as such as differences in accounting principles, misvaluation of stocks and managerial approaches have been observed to be the main causes of failure of mergers and acquisitions. In some cases, organisations may be undervalued or overvalued but the truth of the matter is that markets are not static as they can change at any moment. The research methodology has been based on secondary research which focused on the merger of Time Warner and AOL. The findings of the study show that this merger failed as a result managerial optimism whereby the CEOs of Time Warner and AOL used their overvalued stocks to merge their organisations. The managers assumed that their organisations will perform well in the future. Their assumptions were based on the notion that the trend will continue like that but that was not the case. Indeed, the internet Bubble that was so promising in the beginning but the trend later changed due to different market forces. It has been observed

Supply and Demand Essay Example for Free

Supply and Demand Essay Various factors, including fluctuations such as increases or decreases in prices, can cause a change in supply and demand as well. This paper will attempt to discuss different economic principles and factors and how they are affected by change. In the current situation, GoodLife Management manages seven rental properties in the city of Atlantis, and over the course of 7 years has to be flexible with its pricing due to changes in demand. Economics is literally defined as â€Å"the study of how human beings coordinate their wants and desires, given the decision-making mechanisms, social customs, and political realities of society† (Colander, D. C., 2010). Simply put, economics focuses on three things: 1) what, and how much, to produce; 2) how to produce it; and 3) who to produce it for. Microeconomics is the study of individual choice, and how that choice is influenced by economic forces; while macroeconomics is the study of the economy as a whole (Colander, D.C., 2010). When looking to microeconomic principles, scarcity is the first that comes to mind. The more scarce a service or product, the more the supplier will be able to charge for it. In the situation at hand, when the influx of employees began coming to Atlantis, GoodLife was able to raise the prices of their apartments. Consumers had the choice of whether to rent the apartment for the price given, or go to a neighboring town, where the price might not be as high. A rise in the population of Atlantis led to a greater demand for housing. This in turn contributed to the rise in rental prices. Next would be opportunity costs, which is the â€Å"benefit that you might have gained from choosing the next-best alternative† (Colander, D.C., 2010). Again, this comes down to consumer choices. If someone could live in a neighboring town and pay less rent, they would have a longer commute; whereas if they lived in Atlantis in the GoodLife apartments, they would pay more for rent, but have more ti me to spend with family due to the lack of commute. On the other hand, macroeconomic principles include the invisible hand, and economic forces. Economic forces are a reaction to scarcity. The economic reaction of GoodLife could be one of two – it could lower prices to entice consumers to rent its apartments instead of going to neighboring communities. If consumers were, indeed, paying the price for apartments and there were not many left, GoodLife could also raise the price of those apartments because there are not as many to choose from. Invisible hand is the principle that â€Å"gives more power to the supplier of something that is in short supply† (Colander, D.C., 2010). If there are not many apartments left to rent because the majority of them are all rented, and there are more interested consumers than apartments, the invisible hand says that GoodLife can raise the price and get a higher premium for those apartments because of the demand. A shift in the demand curve in this simulation is when GoodLife needed to have a 15% vacancy rate. In order to do this, it lowered apartment rental prices, thereby increasing the demand for the apartments. A shift in the supply curve occurred when GoodLife raised the prices of their apartments to $1,550 per month in order to cover maintenance fees for all apartments. They were able to supply more apartments at this rate. Housing prices in my area have continued to drop because there is a large supply, however there is not currently a demand. Until consumers begin purchasing houses again at a fairly consistent rate, the prices will continue to stay low. Once people begin consistently purchasing homes again, the prices will begin to rise back up. The price elasticity of demand for goods and commodities determines a consumer’s behavior in the event of a price change. Products which are price elastic will experience dramatic movements in demand in response to price changes. If prices are lowered, consumers will demand more of the product; however, if prices increase, consumer demands for the product will be lower. Suppliers who supply goods that are price elastic will deliver fewer units to the market when prices fall, and more if prices rise. References: Colander, D. C. (2010). Economics (8th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Investopedia (n.d.) Economics Basics: Demand and Supply. Retrieved from Investopedia.com, http://www.investopedia.com/university/economics/economics3.asp#axzz1x3HdbLol

Scope Of Relationship Marketing

Scope Of Relationship Marketing The process of identifying the products and services required by the customers and implementing the policies in order to achieve the needs of the customers and developing the product based on it is known as marketing. It is an incorporated process by which the industries concentrates mainly on the requirement and needs of the customers and hence creates customer relationships stronger. Marketing process is implemented in order to recognize the customer, to satisfy the customer and to retain the customer. It is stated that marketing management is one of the important part of business management as it is related with the activities which are focused on the customers. The development of the marketing was originated because of the mature markets and overcapacities over some past few 2-3 centuries. In order to attain profit the industries started to mainly concentrate on the customers rather than the production. Marketing concept means understanding the needs of the customers, knowing the requirement and demand of the market; and reaching the satisfactions. According to marketing concepts, industries must predict the needs and wants of the customers and should always try to satisfy it more than their competent. Scope of relationship marketing The purpose of the relationship management is at its centre if the viewpoint and it also portrays different methods for researching the relationships which the industries enhance along with the internal communities. The scope and the purpose of relationships management has been identified and stated by various authors including (Christopher, et al., 1991; Doyle, 1995; Kotler, 1992; Morgan and Hunt, 1994; Webster, 1992). The relationships management scope contains six markets: internal, supplier, customer, influencer, referral and employee recruitment markets (Christopher, 1991). A previous survey of the six models had placed the customer market at the centre of the relationships marketing. Figure : The Six Market Model Limitations The marketing six models produce very detailed information and there are two important fields in which these six models contain limitations. These limitations should be corrected by all the users implementing these models for decision making in an industry. The limitations contain: The concentration provided more on the short term sales rather than the long term sales. When used for media mix optimization, these models have a clear preconception in favor of time-specific media (such as TV commercials) versus less time-specific media (such as ads appearing in monthly magazines); biases can also occur when comparing broad-based media versus regionally or demographically targeted media. The brand products and varieties are effected due to the long term sales failure. The marketing mix models are not confined by the involvement of the marketing spend on its brand variety. One of the reasons for this is the long time period taken by marketing in order to put an impact on the brand variety will go beyond and continue at the best. The other reason could be the variations in the financial and social areas and this reason or variation will not effect the marketing and the brand variety a lot. In the short term sales the market shares may get worsen day to day but the brand variety will be higher. Hence, this higher brand variety will help the industries to retain the sales and market share. Market segmentation Marketing segmentation is related with the separation of the customers into a single individual carrying the similar requirement and needs. For instance, Kelloggs cereals- the frostiest are marketed to the kids and crunchy nut cornflakes to adults. Here, both the customers are different and both the products are marketed as per the needs and wants of the customer. Market segmentation is performed for two main reasons. The first reason is segmentation permits perfect distribution of the industrys limited resources. An organization contains only limited resources. Hence, it should always select the particular group of customers. Moreover the tastes of the current western customers can be served better. Market segmentation can be further called as STP that is segment, target and position. Account based marketing system Account based marketing (ABM) is also called as key account marketing which is a planned approach to a business marketing where in an industry contacts with every single customer accounts by considering it as single market. This approach is considered as one of the best approaches as some companies like BearingPoint, Progress Software, Xerox and Hp are leading by implementing this approach. Strategies The following are the tactics and steps to choose a correct strategy for any particular accounts: Campaigning: Lead generation campaigns can be formed for fixing the appointments in a huge target accounts. Intelligence: Marketing role in outlining the target account and contacts within to recognize appropriate schemes. Awareness: communications will play a major role in building a positive insight as the awareness of the supplier is very low in target accounts. Sales: marketing also plays a role in supporting the sales proposal in order to progress the exchange rates and to reduce the sales cycle. Advocacy: The cycle will be finished when the customers turn to advocates and also implements to compel further growth in business. Retaining and Developing Customer Relationships In order to make sure long-term banking customer relationships gimmicks and enticing trinkets are not the best approach just like in personal courtships and it has learned by Caribbean retail financial institutions. The customers who are not having any long-term inducement to be with their company will be effortlessly lured by competitors product of the week next week and the best performers know this thing very well. Hence, the business development remains cost efficient with existing customers than planning to obtain new customers. Implementing these inventive strategies which is stands on this knowledge stays very much easy for many industry participants. Task 2 New online marketing technology Structuring and reflecting of social relations and social networks in between the people who share interests and activities is concentrated by a social network service. Social network service generally includes a variety of extra services, representation of each other user (often a profile) and his/her social links. Users can interact by using internet like e-mail, instant chatting as many of the social network services are web based. Online community is treated as social networking sometimes and social networking means an individual focused service and online community deals with groups. In social networking sites users can share ideas, interests and creativity within their individual networks. The major type of social networking services are the one which includes group places, ways to connect with friends and a suggestion system linked to trust. The famous procedures unite many of theseas Twitter and Face book are used globally. The most common sites used in north America are Linkedin and MySpace; in Canada Nexopia is used; in Netherlands- Bebo, Hi5 and Hyves;in Germany-StudVZ ; iWiW is mostly used in Hungary; Tuenti in Spain; Tagged, XING, Decayenne, Badoo and Skyrock are used in some regions of Europe;Hi5 and Orkut in south America and Central America; in India Orkut and Face book; Friendster, Mixi, Multiply, Orkut, Wretch, renren and Cyworld in Asia and the Pacific Islands. There are some steps taken for optimizing the services in order to evade the need to some duplicate entries of the friends and interests, although this has created few security and privacy concerns. Some largest social networking sites have originated a concept of making the world digital, while others concentrate on different sectors from music and books to non profit business to motherhood in order to provide both services and community to the individuals along with the interests shared among them. Additional features Few social networking sites have many added features, which hold skills to make communities that will share the same interests or connections, downloading live videos, having a discussion through forums or blogs. Internet mapping is opted by geosocial networking in order to categorize user involvement in the geographic characteristics and their elements. Mobile social networking has become most popular and the latest trend. Users having a mobile phone social networking can now be able to create their own profile, involve in the chat rooms, make friends, create chat rooms, can distribute or share photos and videos and also can share some blogs. Users of mobile phone are provided every option that people who sit with the computer have. The wireless services provided by some companies allow the customers in building their own communities for mobiles and also permits them to brand it. But, among many, Face Book is the most popular social networking site through the wireless services. Certain innovative features are provided to the site by some companies which give the real world experience. Linkedin.com is one more professional aspect in social networking. With this users can exchange their ideas, information, and the knowledge. This helps the professional to be posted with the updated knowledge in the respective fields. Business model To get membership few of these social network sites charge the user. This is because the concept of social networking is a new service and the value of it is not yet established nicely. Online advertises are given by the companies like MySpace and the Face book. Therefore they take memberships largely and the charges are given in a counterproductive way. Some companies believe that the core information about the user provided in the site can easily be targeted with advertises when compared to any other sites. In these social networking sites the members serves for both the roles that is for the suppliers and as the content consumers. This is kind of autonomous operation in these sites. But, in the world of business, the consumers and the suppliers are quite distinct. Gaining revenue is easier in the business with the means of the advertisement. But this is possible while the level of the content and the memberships are quite high. Several application domains use online marketing. They are: Application for the business Application for the dates Application of the government Applications on the Medical terms Applications on the education Various ways of Marketing Mobility marketing In marketing the mobile marketing can fall in to any of the category. Primarily, the marketing can be described by the mobiles devices such as mobile phone. Secondarily, the marketing is described as a moving with the trends. The Mobile Marketing Association has updated a definition of the marketing for mobile in the year 2009 as: Mobile Marketing is a set of practices that enables organizations to communicate and engage with their audience in an interactive and relevant manner through any mobile device or network. Mobile marketing via MMS Mobile marketing through MMS will include the video, audio, text, and the images. Here the content of the mobile is delivered through the MMS. Now, almost all the mobile phones are capable to send and receive the MMS messages. But the brands can be able to send and receive the messages through the MMS A2P network to its subscribers. In some other networks, brands can also sponsor the messages which are sent person to person. For example: The campaign of the Motorola was initiated by the MMS mobile at the House of Blues Venue. Here the users can send the images and photos to mobile in real time. Mobile marketing via Infrared Infrared is one of the oldest mobile marketing. In late 90s, some of the companies based of Europe, have experimented the shopping window marketing through the free waves of Infrared. The range of infrared is limited and did not establish as a leader in the Mobile Marketing. Viral marketing Viral marketing is something which will encourage the individuals for passing the messages for marketing to others. This will create the potential to growth exponentially with the exposed messages. Like the virus, these strategies will take much advantage of multiplying rapidly for exploding a single message till thousands. In Internet this is called as Viral Marketing. Guerrilla marketing is invented as an unconventional system of the promotions which depends on time, imagination, and the energy instead of the big market. In the same way, the campaignings for the marketing is also unconventional and interactive. The consumers are targeted in the unexpected places. Its objective is creating the unique, and a sharp concept that provokes the thought. Jay Conrad Levinson has coined this term in the book Guerrilla Marketing. Since then this term has become most popular. The approaches such as the encounters in the public places, the products being sold in the streets, the stunts, any marketing that gives more results from minimal resources etc, are involved in the Guerrilla Marketing. The digital technology is being used by the mobile as one more approach to the guerrilla marketing. This will help them to create more customers and have a good brand. As the base of the guerrilla marketing Levinson identified few principles. they are as follows: This is mainly to serve the business and the entrepreneur that are small Instead of the experience, judgments, and the work done by guessing it should involve the humans. Investing time, imagination, and the energy are the primary issues rather than money The profit ratio is the primary issue to measure the business and not the sales Also concentrate on the number of new relations made per month Instead of diverting the focus concentrate on creating a standard. Concentrate on more referrals and transactions, instead of trying to get more number of customers Cooperate more on the business instead of the competition These marketers have to use the combination of the methods in the marketing for the campaign Build the business by making use of the technologies that are more updated Aim the messages to the smaller group of the audiences instead of the larger groups Focus more on an individual to gain their consent. This will let them send more messages Social media marketing In the organization of the communications plan, Social Media Marketing is the recent competent. For connecting with the markets target, integrating the markets communication is the principle. In order to produce the message on which the customer easily focuses, the market communication has to be integrated with the elements like The models of the traditional marketing like the frequency, content, timing, and the communication medium with the organization is collaborated with the external agent like agencies for advertising, firms for the market researches, and the firms with the public relation. The communication of the organization the impact of the social media has an impact on the kind of communication made by the organization with the customers. Platforms of social media marketing The social media marketing will benefit the organization and the individual by providing the additional channel for the support of the customer. This becomes a mean for gaining the insight of the customer and the competitiveness and also provides a method to manage the online reputation. The main factors ensuring the relevance for the customer, the value provided to them with the strength of the base where it is built. The foundation that is strong will serve as the platform to centralize the information and for directing the customers with the developments made recently with the help of social media channels, and publications released through press. The goal is for creating a foundation that is strong and will engage the powers of the customers by providing the opportunities to the communication in the organization. Platform is most important due to the reason that the organization will measure and monitor the effects on the customers. Tools offered are more applicable than anything else to achieve the goal set by the customer. Example: With the Direct2Dell forum the Dell computers has the strongest blog. This also helps to improve the organization fame and gives a chance to improve the learning chances for the bloggers. Ever since the site is begun, the percentage of the blogs is improved by 22% from 49%. Dell, with the support to their customers by addressing the concerns, comments, and the questions through the blog was achieved. Target Targets are achieved on the Face Book by getting real with the customers and by the exposed products that matches the needs of the customers. Target focused more on the benefits by connecting to the customers and in understanding the medium. They have allowed the customers to shape the group and made the curve of learning easier. Starbucks This Starbucks will be found on the Face Book, Flicker, Twitter etc, and on other blogging sites by the My Starbucks Idea. This has the best strategies for the social media. They have focused more on gaining the customers needs, likes, and the information. This helps them maintain customers in good number. Conclusion The process of identifying the products and services required by the customers and implementing the policies in order to achieve the needs of the customers and developing the product based on it is known as marketing. It is an incorporated process by which the industries concentrates mainly on the requirement and needs of the customers and hence creates customer relationships stronger.

A Thematic Approach To Teaching Education Essay

A Thematic Approach To Teaching Education Essay For this topic I am going to explore the history of the National Curriculum and the thematic approach to teaching. Looking at these areas I am going to create themes within the Foundation Phase and Key Stage 2 to use as an example of a thematic approach to teaching. National Curriculum The National Curriculum has been policy in Schools for many years, it originates back to 1970 when the government focused on education with a desire to educate children to create a better work force. Teaching consisted of no supervision within the classroom and the teachers could teach whatever they wanted as a result of there not being a specific curriculum to follow, or at least relate back to. In 1976 James Callaghan changed the teaching profession. His idea was everyone should be taught the same topics, this led to an introduction of more core subjects. Within a few years, Margaret Thatcher became Prime Minister and decided she didnt like the scheme of teaching within the National Curriculum, so, in 1979 she decided that every Council would write their own policies. These policies had to include maths, English and science which were deemed to be core subjects. The Prime Minister wanted to see a lot more testing of the teaching process so that teaching was far more measurable and what progress and standard the children where achieving. In the 1987, Kenneth Baker, the Education Minister took the concept a stage further. He divided the curriculum into 3 core subjects maths, English and science, and 7 foundation subjects including the subjects of history, geography, foreign language, art, music, P.E and design and technology. He had a syllabus for each subject composed so that all teachers knew what content to cover when teaching each subject. In 1988 the Educational Reform Act became legislation. It was widely regarded as the most important single piece of education legislation in England and Wales in modern times. The Educational Reform Act changed education. After its introduction in 1988, the National Primary School Curriculum had to be presented to the government to ensure standards of teaching were the same for every child. Key Stages were introduced in schools that benched marked milestones in a childs education. At each key stage a number of educational objectives had to be achieved, the impact of this was the curriculum evolved into educational overload. Each teacher had 345 targets to meet! The Key Stages introduced were Key Stage 1 (5 7 year old children), Key Stage 2 (7 11 year old children), Key Stage 3 (11 14 year old pupils) and Key Stage 4 (15 16 year old pupils). Statutory tests were progressively introduced for each Key Stage. The Key Stage 1 statutory tests were introduced in 1991, Key Stage 2 in 1995 and Key Stage 3 in 1993. Sir Ron Dearing reviewed education in 1995, he removed some topics out and reduced the burden of 345 targets to 14 targets that teachers needed to meet. Margaret Thatcher still wanted to change elements of the curriculum whilst Sir Ron Dearing was doing his review. She wanted to name and shame every school that wasnt performing and to rank all schools, hence the birth of school tables to publicly inform parents how individual schools were performing. Sir Ron Dearing wanted a structured numeracy and literacy hour which was structured and dictated what had to be done and was applied by all schools across the Country. This enabled visibility to monitor and evaluate what was being done at any one time. Another huge change arrived 30 years later when Sir Jim Rose looked at the National Curriculum. He led an independent review in 2008-2009 and came to the conclusion that there was still too much going on in the curriculum. He wanted focus on essential life and learning skills and on literacy, numeracy, I.C.T, learning and thinking skills and social and emotional well being. Sir Jim Rose wanted to establish a curriculum for the 21st century that met the needs of individual learners whilst taking account for the broader needs of Wales. The national curriculum changed once again in 2008. The stages of the curriculum Key Stages were and remain divided into sections, Year 3- Year 6 Key Stage 2 (7 11 year olds) and early years which became the Foundation Phase Year 1 Year 2 (3 7 year olds). The curriculum content consists of core subjects (Mathematics, English and Science) and Welsh Language, broader curriculum subjects ( I.C.T, History, Geography, Music, Art and Design, Physical recreation, Design and Technology, Welsh second Language) and basic curriculum (R.E and P.S.E). This ensures subjects are taught via a cross curriculum approach and introduce key skills that includes thinking, number, I.C.T and communication. Assessments have been introduced to enable teachers to monitor childrens learning and baseline assess attainment at the end of the Foundation Phase. At Key Stage 2, pupils are tested on their English and Mathematics and core subjects. then in Year 6 they are assessed in preparation for transition to year 7 in Secondary education. The introduction to the Foundation Phase was set out in Wales and further amplified and explained in the Foundation Phase consultation paper published in 2003. The proposals contained in this paper was supported by 96 per cent of respondents. The Welsh Assembly Government then piloted the Foundation Phase from September 2004. The Foundation Phase provides young children with a curriculum that is more appropriate to their stage of development and that caters for their individual needs. From reading Welsh Assembly Government, March 2009, Foundation Phase Child Development Profile Guidance, Welsh Assembly Government I have discovered the seven areas of learning within the Foundation Phase (3 7 year olds). The seven areas of learning are:- Personal and social development, well-being and cultural diversity Language, literacy and communication skills Mathematical development Welsh language development Knowledge and understanding of the world Physical development Creative development This approach allows teachers to monitor the knowledge of individual childrens development in the key areas of a childs learning and to follow onto the areas of learning to observe and evaluate childrens progress throughout their learning. In the National Curriculum for Key Stage 2, each subject has two sections (skills and range) for a childs programme of study in each different national curriculum subject. This includes levels of understanding, investigating and making. There are also national curriculum skills that are the same for all non-core and core subjects within the National Curriculum. Children develop thinking skills by planning, developing and reflecting on their work in all subjects. Another requirement within the National Curriculum is to develop communication skills. The children learn to communicate across the curriculum by using skills such as oracy, reading, writing and wider communicating in all subjects across the National Curriculum. A further requirement is to develop ICT skills. The children must develop their ICT skills across the curriculum by finding, developing, creating and presenting information and ideas using a wide range of software and equipment. Finally children must develop their num ber skills across the curriculum by using mathematical information, calculating, interpreting and presenting their findings across the whole range of national curriculum subjects. Thematic Approach The cross-curricular thematic approach has been part of education in schools for many years and slowly began to gain popularity in primary schools during the 60s. This was due to recommendations from the Plowden Report (1967) emphasising that children learn better finding out information for themselves rather than being taught directly and supplied with information direct from a teacher. A thematic approach to teaching involves integrating all subject areas together under one theme. The cross curriculum approach helps children relate basic academic skills to the real world. Thematic units are common in the Foundation Phase where children learn through interactive, integrated activities. These themed units incorporate reading, mathematics, science and social studies. To create thematic approaches in teaching a theme is selected for a particular topic which would be applied for a period of a week or a month. The time line would depend on the broadness of the theme and how many subjects are going to be included in the cross curriculum approach. From knowing the themes the teacher develops schemes of work, activities and writing lesson plans. The children are then given aims and objectives within the thematic approach lessons. The activities may consist of being hands-on or physical learning, games on the internet and reading certain books for the skill level the children are reading at. For example, art skills can be developed by drawing exercises related to the theme. There is no end to what national curriculum subjects can be developed within the thematic approach. The benefits of a thematic approach have been examined. Teaching thematically helps children build self esteem and allows the children to understand what they are being taught. Content and subject areas are integrated and not made obvious to the children what subjects they are being taught. The pupils are able to learn and retain more information through a thematic approach, it encourages the involvement of all abilities of children through topics relevant to them and their learning needs, from the learning aspect the children are able to relate to real-world experiences and build upon their prior knowledge learned from previous lessons taught at that particular moment in time. The thematic approach also helps teachers teach to the different learning capabilities of their children. Overall the thematic approach keeps children engaged by making learning activities fun by creating a variety of different experiences within different thematic approaches. The teacher and children are able to be creative, authentic and original, it also allows the teacher to integrate all subjects and use literacy within those subjects. The children can share the same learning goals, is children centred and utilises collaborative and cooperative learning. The curriculum is also compact and saves time teaching multiple subjects at once. The negatives of a thematic approach need to be considered. Some children may lose interest in the theme/subject being addressed. Using one theme for a month may become boring, repetitive and the childrens motivation to learn will decrease and become uninterested and distracted. The children may also not like the choice of the theme chosen by the teacher and may cause arguments between children making them unwilling to participate in the activities created by the teacher. It can be hard for the teacher to find enough resources/information to cover every aspect of the topic and intertwining the benchmarks within that one topic may be difficult, it can also be easy to miss out on some content that could be covered in the theme. Within the thematic approach it may be hard for the lower level children to engage and consequently have a hard time with concepts within that theme, they will then struggle with the work. This child is still expected to connect within the focused tasks causing possible stress for the child knowing their level of capabilities are lower than someone else in the class, so it is difficult for the teacher to provide tasks that suits everyones needs and learning styles. From reading a document Using thematic approach, Bristol, Victoria Clarke and Virginia Braun (Page 2) express a mixed view of the thematic approach. They quote Thematic analysis is a poorly demarcated, rarely-acknowledged, yet widely-used qualitative analytic method. They believe that the thematic approach is rarely acknowledged but is used widely across teaching. Theorists have a mixed view about the statement because they feel that the thematic approach can prove to be successful as long as the theme and subjects used are taught at a level that suits all the childrens needs using an integrated and balanced scheme of work for all abilities . Others also think that the quote is wrong in saying the thematic approach is rarely acknowledged. It is clear from experiences within the classroom that teachers successfully use the thematic approach a lot. My view on the foundation phase and what it has to offer. Within the Foundation Phase, children as individuals are given opportunities to learn about themselves, improve their own knowledge and understanding of the real world and gain better knowledge of personal hygiene and safety. The children become independent and achieve goals that teachers cannot pass on to the children through use of just the direct teaching method. This is why the Foundation Phase is so unique, it allows the children to learn from their own personal experiences and take their learning into their own hands. The children become more confident and assertive and learn values for themselves and from their peers. With all of the above focusing on skills, children can develop in the Foundation Phase. The main thrust of developing skills is by letting children play, it is an essential feature within the curriculum which must be fun and stimulating for the children to enjoy learning. This approach helps children to be pro active and physically interact with objects they woul dnt necessarily encounter day to day. From reading the Rumbold Report (1990) on play, there is a very strong view about using play within the Foundation Phase, it is believed that active educational play supports childrens learning across all areas of learning. I totally agree with this statement as it does create activity for the development of a wide range of skills and also allows the children to develop their own personal skills. Overall I think the Foundation Phase is an all round positive curriculum that appears to work very well in developing children from an early age of 3. My lesson ideas for teaching within the Foundation Phase The subjects I examine as an example for my teaching in a thematic approach in the Foundation Phase incorporates two non-core subjects Geography, Art and Design and also look at the basic curriculum area of R.E. The theme I have chosen is the Amazon rainforest. The class I have chosen to deliver this task to is Year 2. R.E In the R.E lesson, I will read the read the book of Noahs Ark. Maisy, 2007, Noahs Ark, Lucy Cousins I will identify the type of animals and relate them to the Amazon Rainforest. From reading the book I will have a section of play where I will divide the class into groups. The children will have samples of all of the animals referred to in the book along with a boat. They will then have to memorise the list of the animals which relate back to the book and fit them into the boat. This will develop their thinking skills and also their communication skills while working in groups to do the activity. This will be a warm up activity for the children so they are getting their brain into working mode. This relates back to the national curriculum skills for R.E in the Guidance for local education authorities and agreed syllabus conferences, January 2008, National exemplar framework for religious education for 3 to 19-year-olds in Wales, Welsh Assembly Government by using the section listed as developing thinking. For the main activity the children have to create their own story where they save a number of animals onto a certain object, the object can be specific to our day and age so it could range from a boat or train to an aeroplane. To get the children started in their story one can brain storm and list their examples of some animals and objects on a board / interactive whiteboard and show what mode of transport animals can be rescued onto. From the main activity they are developing their communication skills, theyre using their writing skills and oracy by discussing what they are going to include in their story. From the content of the activities created one can monitor the calibre and style of childrens writing. I will select three or four pieces of work to be read out by the children and evaluate everyones work by having everyone on each table to swap and evaluate each others work. Geography (Knowledge and understanding of the world) To teach knowledge and understanding of the world I will focus on the wider world section of the curriculum, illustrating to the children what lives in the Amazon Rainforest, and type of habitats they live in. I would create discussions around particular questions I would continually ask. Questions would raise awareness and explore what is the rainforest. Childrens knowledge and understanding of the Amazon Rainforest will be developed through the handing out of a quiz that can be completed in groups. A class competition can be created to see who has the most questions correct about the Amazon Rainforest. After the quiz, to develop continuity through this subject of geography the children can create pieces of work to put up on the Amazon Rainforest board on the classroom walls. The children can bring their knowledge from R.E and use their drawings they developed in art to put onto the classroom board, this will create a sense of achievement and ownership as the children would be able to look at their own work when in their own classroom and is a clear display of their own work for others to see what they have done. A number of skills will have been developed from using this approach that are taken from the national curriculum book of knowledge and understanding of the world for Foundation Phase. The skills developed consist of enquiring, exploring, describing, asking/ answering questions, investigating, thinking, solving problems and recording their research. All of these are required and used within the theme and tasks set during lessons. Art From reading the book Noahs Ark, children can draw an animal of their choice that relates to the story, a list and a picture of each animal mentioned in the story would be given as a resource for the children to relate back to. A directed task would then be set to use different materials to create a 2D image of the animal from the Noahs Ark story. Materials to be used would include: Coloured pencils Paint Coloured pens Crayons Craft materials to create different textures etc. From creating their animal drawing, the children can try and link them to a habitat within the rainforest. To research the animals habitat the children can use the internet to find an image of the habitat for their animal to be stuck onto. The final outcome will then consist of a hand made piece of artwork of an animal from the rainforest made by every individual child and placed on a background of the habitat the animal would live in within the rainforest. Overall the children would have explored colour using different materials and creatively making an animal by exploring and forming different textures. This relates back to the national curriculum within the foundation phase due to reading the creative development Welsh Assembly Government book. Welsh Assembly Government, June 2008, Creative Development, Welsh Assembly Government The children will have used ICT skills to research on the internet for a habitat picture of the rainforest. From creating the animal design that relates back to the Amazon rainforest, focus can be made upon literacy skills by asking each child to describe what animal they have created and what their habitat looks like. Overall, the children would have used planning and thinking skills by developing and creating the art work. The children can reflect on their work and see if their animal relates to the rainforest to give it a real life effect. Oracy and writing skills are also developed by describing their animal and habitat, so they are expressing their ideas and emotions about their work. The structure of the childs learning will be as it is presented in the essay, I will start off with R.E, and then include Geography and follow integrate Art and Design. When the children take part in these activities the children themselves do not realise they are learning these skills. This is an excellent outcome, as, when they grow up, the children will reflect and hopefully remember what they have done and recognise the skills they had used. My lesson ideas for teaching within Key Stage 2 The subjects I examine for teaching a thematic approach in Key Stage 2 will consist of two non-core subjects of Geography, Art and Design and also look at the basic curriculum which is R.E. The theme chosen is Judaism. The year group chosen for this is Year 5. R.E The children will be made aware what Judaism, different clothing and their names worn at this time would be examined. A group activity for children would be used after explaining the variety of clothes using dolls clothing, some relevant to Judaism and some not relevant. A women and man doll would be introduced for the children to dress and they learn to relate the same back to Judaism culture. From dressing the dolls the children move on to examine a house of a Jewish person. The children will look at dietary make up of Jews and what type of ornaments they have in their houses that are an integrated part of their culture. A group session can be delivered where children can trial some Jewish food and if possible have a Jewish person to come in and talk to the children about their lifestyle. A useful website for a teacher resource would be:- http://www.waupun.k12.wi.us/Policy/other/dickhut/religions/14%20Jewish%20Symbols.html This website describes the clothing and certain items that are found in a Jewish home. This theme will have continuity and appear through other lessons. In other lessons different festivals within the Jewish community would be explored and have a look at videos to demonstrate how they celebrate their festivals. The skills developed throughout these lessons would be communication through talking in groups to discuss issues about the culture and ornaments the children have discovered. The children are also developing thinking skills to execute dressing the men and women dolls into suitable clothing for a Jewish person. Art From the previous lesson on R.E about Judaism children are given a directed task using a hand out sheet with four boxes to draw in. The children are asked to use each box to draw from real life, objects such as Shofar or a type of clothing like a Kippah and use a range of art materials to colour in their drawings. The materials used could include :- Coloured pencils Paint Coloured pens Crayons Charcoal Water paint Mark making Tone Craft materials Each box I will ask The children will be told to use each box to illustrate a different art material so they are experimenting and testing different materials and are using a range of art media. After finishing the drawings the following activity would develop literacy where children have to describe the content and process used in creating each box, stating what material they have used, what the object is and how it is used within the religion of Judaism. Overall children have explored different art materials and creatively making examples relating to Judaism using the clothes they wear or the different items used within the culture. This links to the national curriculum within the Key Stage 2 Art and Design as found through reading the Art and Design national curriculum for Wales book. Welsh Assembly Government, January 2008, Art and Design in the National Curriculum for Wales, Welsh Assembly Government From reading the book listed above I am able to see what parts of the curriculum I have taught. The activities demonstrate that the children have planned, developed and reflected on their work which uses the developing thinking skill and that all of the children have developed their oracy and writing skills that links to the developing communication aspect. Geography In geography focus is on where the Jewish community was founded and where Judaism is sited in different countries. A presentation using PowerPoint for both tasks and the children can do small tasks from worksheets. We will then look at the Star of David flag and what the meaning is behind it. Two follow on from this children will be asked to develop a double page in their book about Judaism. This double page will involve information about the Jewish community, where Jewish people are distributed around the world, some ornaments, clothes and the Star of David flag. The children are being tested on a number of skills across the curriculum in geography. The children are developing thinking skills, they have to plan the double page on Judaism and develop the work on Jews and also to ensure they include Judaism. The childrens communication skills are being developed through them writing about what they have learned about the Jewish community and Judaism. The children are using selected language to describe where the Jewish people live within different countries, and so are discussing geographical issues. The children are conducting their own personal investigation into Judaism and Jewish religion. From developing the double page they are developing creative and presentation of information and ideas from their investigation. Observing children To see the childrens improvement throughout their learning teachers need to pay attention to observing the children in their care. In the observing children book Welsh Assembly Government, January 2008, Observing children, Welsh Assembly Government it is quoted It is important that practitioners listen to children as well as watch them when observing, as they can learn a great deal about childrens learning and understanding through listening to their speech I believe this is a vital quote for teachers observing children because you can definately gain more understanding of the childrens learning by talking to children as well as observing how they play and the standard of their work. The observation of children should be taken into consideration through using the seven areas of learning, this will provide evidence of their development and achievements across the national curriculum. Teachers can also observe different situations children are exposed to through playing on their own or as part of agroup. The main headings mentioned in the Welsh Assembly Government, January 2008, Observing children, Welsh Assembly Government state that teachers need to observe:- Personal development Social development Well-being/emotional development Cognitive development Language development and communication skills Physical development Gross motor skills Fine motor skills There much observation of childrens development of the child as a whole that has to be considered as an essential part of the role of a teacher. From observing the children one can monitor their progress and continuity during lessons to ensure improvement and that children are gaining and benefiting from new learning experiences throughout their years in primary school. This can be achieved by both looking at the development of their work and also how they play alone and within groups. Conclusion To conclude, the National Curriculum has gone through many changes in the past few years and evolved into what is delivered in primary schools today. From the many theorists I have researched and read about, there is a belief that where we are placed today is the better stage of the developed National Curriculum. The Foundation Phase is proving to be a success. The children are able to improve their personal learning without having a teacher to spoon feed them to gain experiences and skills. Key Stage 2 needs improving and attention due to the drop in standards and attainment in literacy and numeracy, this drop in standards has resulted in improvements being demanded by the Welsh Government all across Wales. Welsh Government are implementing literacy and numeracy strategies in every subject across the national curriculum. The thematic approach has been evaluated and is declared a success by many theorists, it allows teachers to choose a theme and teach joint subjects in one integrate d scheme of work/ lessons, this is a definate advantage because the children do not specifically realise how they are being taught. This method of educating primary aged children develops what they know from personal experiences and their involvement develops them through the teachers integrated lessons.

Against Schools Essay -- Analysis, John Gatto

The Quality of a child’s education often either limits or opens up a world of opportunities. Those who study the purpose of public education and the way it is distributed throughout society can often identify clear correlations between social class and the type of education a student receives. It is generally known by society that wealthy families obtain the best opportunities money can buy. Education is a tool of intellectual and economical empowerment and since the quality of education is strongly influenced by social class, a smaller portion of the American population obtains the opportunities acquired from a top notch education. Many people believe that educational inequalities are perpetuated from the interests of specific classes, but some researchers like John Gatto believe that there are even stronger social forces in play. In the essay â€Å"Against Schools† the author John Gatto presents three arguments: (1) that are educational system is flawed, (2) that the American educational system is purposely designed to create a massive working class that is easy to manipulate, and (3) alternative teaching methods should be applied to teach children to think for themselves. In this essay I will be summarizing and relating each of these arguments to other educational essays. Also, I will be discussing the strengths and weaknesses of the author’s argument. In John Gatto’s essay â€Å"Against Schools† he states from experience as a school teacher that are current educational system is at fault (148). He claims that classrooms are often filled with boredom manufactured by repetitive class work and unenthusiastic teachings. Students are not actively engaged and challenged by their work and more often than not they have either already covered t... ... people are more advantaged than others and will receive a top notch education, while others will receive a mediocre education that will prepare them less for college and more for a working class job. There most likely is a connection between social class and the educational opportunities presented to students, but it is also possible that other social forces are at play which determines the quality of a student’s education. In Gatto’s essay it was argued that are educational system is designed to perpetuate faults in order to create a manageable society. He supports his argument with various strong statements which makes his logic convincing, but he falls short when backing the credibility of his claims. The strengths of his essay prove to also be its weakness, which results in a piece of literature that only succeeds in arousing emotional reactions from readers.

Behavior and Leadership :: Relationship Oriented Leader

Welcome to this presentation on behavior and leadership. During this presentation there will be many details discussed about various types of personalities of leaders. Some styles may be familiar and some may not. There are many styles of leaders and this presentation focuses of comparing and contrasting four different styles. The final recommendation for an organization choosing a leadership style is to allow the employees to have an input on what they prefer—this may increase retention rates. There are four major types of behaviors and personalities of leadership that will be covered during this presentation. Those four types are relationship-oriented versus task-oriented and emotional intelligence versus cognitive intelligence. The relationship-oriented leader (ROL) likes to know team members very well including their most emotional traits. The ROL is very serving to team members and is the most likely type of leader to help the team with tasks when they are overwhelmed. These types of leaders strongly believe that every worker has the drive to accomplish goals and some may have been damaged by previous leaders to where they just need some the correct care showed to them. ROL’s have an open-door policy and like to communicate their values. They feel that all team members must be on the same page to operate successfully. ROL’s excel at aligning new team members into existing teams. This type of leader is service-oriented meaning that he or she puts the needs of the team before his or her own and expects team members to want to be confided in. The ROL’s moral personality makes team members trust them easily (Dubrin, 2010). The task-related leaders care deviates away from the person and towards the task the majority of the time. A task-related leader has the tendency to look down on people that have less strength than others. These types of leaders can quickly assess team members’ weaknesses, likely too quickly for a team member to feel he or she got a chance to express his or herself—fully intending to show good personality. Employees with many weaknesses in relation to the tasks will be supervised much more than stronger employees—both types of team members will be given frequent feedback about how well they are performing tasks. These types of leaders enjoy being innovative with designing electronics and devices that may assist team members in performing their tasks with ease and efficiency.